The nature-nurture debate is all about whether genetics (nature) or our environment (nurture) is responsible for our behaviour and development. Early theorists believed that our personality, intellect, behaviour and gender role were determined by our genes and therefore could not be changed. But an increasing amount of evidence has proved these theorists wrong, and our development as an individual is learnt through the environment we live in. One developmental stage of an individual that psychologists have the nature-nurture debate about is the intelligence stage. The nature side of that intelligence is present at birth and we already have a set amount of intelligence.
Behaviorist approach works very differently from biological approach in Health and Social care. There are many differences between the two and how they are used to aid people with many disorders. The behavioral approach assumes that all behavior is learn and that when we are born we are like a blank piece of paper. Behaviorists and social learning theorists are some of the examples of scientists and psychologists who believe in the nurture side of the debate. They believe that children can be molded and shaped by the environment through behavior modification, rewards and punishments.
Outline and evaluate Piaget’s constructivist theory of cognitive development In order to put Piaget's model into context it is useful to consider what intellect is, and some of the factors that influence cognitive development of the child. Additionally I will briefly discuss the term ‘constructivist’. Child development is generally concerned with how the child learns and expresses themselves at various ages. Typically studies are carried out on children from birth to adolescence. Specifically, most psychologists are interested in the processes that occur at particular ages, and what the child's capabilities are at each stage of their childhood.
(Kathleen Stassen Berger, 2011 p. 57). The biological development of a young child’s brain directly assists the cognitive development of the brain and vice versus. According to Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural idea, all children have the ability to learn despite of all mental disabilities (p.49). The knowledge and capabilities that are acquired depends on what is deemed important by their culture. To further understand a how a crime can be committed by a young child, Albert Bandura’s theory that humans can learn without reinforcement called “modeling” is a good explanation.
These relationships and interactions in the Microsystem are the strongest and have the greatest impact on the child. Adults need to be good role models because children will observe their behavior and try to imitate it. If the adults promote positive healthy interactions it shows children an effective way to communicate in a self-confident manner. The Mesosystem is connections between the structures of the child's Microsystem. This refers to the relation of family experiences to school experiences, school experiences to church experiences, and family experiences to peer experiences.
You need to encourage the use of good manners please, thankyou, etc and deter bad manners and behaviour by talking to the child in question and telling them how they need to behave. 1.2 Describe with examples how to behave appropriately for a child or young person’s stage of development. Year 1 children are just starting with lessons so they need to be told how to sit and listen to what they are being told so they know what they need to do to complete the task in hand. In Phonics you need to sound out the sounds and words, see how the children get on spelling the word and then help them by sounding the word out again or breaking the sounds down so they can hear the letter sounds easier. When they get it right let them know they have got it correct.
Various psychological theories on human development are based on the concept of “stage”. The key to stage theories is the understanding of stages as unique stages of development, with each stage personified by its own special behavioural and cognitive characteristics. According to child development and psychological research, all individuals progress through the same stages in a fixed chronological order. Foundation stage and key stage 1 Young children are still developing their language and communication skill they will have to be reminded of listening carefully when others are talking. When we are talking to young children we have to speak clearly slowly and not using big words as they won’t understand what we are saying.
This can affect planning as practitioners may have to think and plan activities for children where there is a possibility that positive and negative reinforcements can be put into action in the setting, for example; praising the child when they have achieved and giving children time outs think about what they have done ‘Skinner divided the consequences of actions into three groups; Positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers and punishments’ (Tassoni, P, et al, 2007: 84). Albert Bandura’s social learning theory states that he believed children’s; parents, family, friends and teachers should be powerful role models and figures for children to imitate, for example; behaving in a way that promotes acceptable behaviour in the setting. This can affect the planning and provision of learning opportunities for children in a setting as practitioners will have to plan activities and experiences for children that will enable them and will encourage them to socialise and communicate with other children and staff ‘In social learning theory Albert Bandura (1977) states behaviour is learned from the environment through the process of observational
Rational knowledge is often derived from syllogisms. Unless both the major and minor premises of syllogisms are sound, the logical conclusions drawn from the rational thoughts are unsound. Scientists cannot rely on rational knowledge alone because rational knowledge involved only form and not content (Jackson, 2009). Empirical knowledge is gained through objective observations and a person’s experience in relation to his or her senses (Jackson, 2009). A person who relies on empirical knowledge only believes what can be detected by his/her senses (sight, sound, taste, etc.).
This theory explains that a child’s cognitive development is about a child developing or constructing a mental model of the world (McLeod, 2009). I believe each child has an idea of right and wrong when he or she is about two. With this thought in mind I plan to show each client how to figure out his or her own morals and build from there. I agree with Piaget with regard to