Explain How a Follower of Natural Law Might Approach the Issue of Abortion

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Explain how a follower of natural law might approach the issue of abortion (25 marks) The theory of natural law is rooted in Aristotle’s theory of the causes and was later developed further by Aquinas. Natural law is today used mostly in the Catholic Church and is used to shape their viewpoint on modern issues such as abortion. Natural law is a deontological and absolute theory that states that by using our inbuilt rationality we can understand the laws of nature and find and achieve our purpose in life. Natural law is a deontological ethic. This means that it considers the act itself and, because it’s absolute, disregards the consequences of the action. It focuses on the intrinsic value of the act and whether it is internally good or not. Applying this to abortion it means that the act of abortion itself would be considered, not the consequences. Therefore abortion would always be wrong, as it doesn’t take into account the outcomes: such as a better life for the mother. Natural law may also disagree with the use of IVF, as it wouldn’t consider the possible outcome of new life created or health benefits from research with spare embryos. Aristotle considered that all things, all objects or beings have four causes, which explain what and why it is, how it came to be and its purpose in life. These were: the material (what its made of), the efficient (how It is made), the formal (its character) and the final (its purpose). Aristotle concluded that the final cause of humanity was eudemonia: complete happiness and living according to nature. And they would reach summon bonum (supreme good) when they found this. It can be argued that abortion goes against humanities final cause as abortion is not natural and in some cases doesn’t help achieve complete happiness. Also when we apply to four causes to sex it can be concluded that the final cause it reproduction.
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