Example of Metric Modulation

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Haydn Symphony No 102 in Bb Major Critics mention that this symphony has not been received as well as some of Haydn’s other works, because it does not have a descriptive title. This is despite the fact that Sir Donald Tovey, a well known writer on music, placed this symphony amongst Haydn’s three greatest instrumental works, together with Symphony No 104 and the Opus 77 No 2 String Quartet in F. 

I’ve chosen this symphony for the second movement, Adagio which resonates with me. The melodic lines, counterpoint and harmony, and rhythmic support make this a truly beautiful piece of music and a joy to study. In this metric modulation exercise, each tempo is linked with the number 7, or [7]. For the second movement, Adagio, the tempo will be crotchet = 42 (6x7). This tempo allows the melody to flow freely, without making supporting figures too slow or cumbersome for the rest of the ensemble. From here, taking 42 and multiplying by three gives the new tempo crotchet = 126 (18x7) suitable for the Vivace section of the first movement, while the opening Largo section of movement I will be played at crotchet = 56 (8x7). The tempi in the two sections of movement I work well together and individually: Largo is calm but not so slow as to feel ‘heavy’ while the Vivace is quick and lively in contrast, without becoming agitated or messy. The tempo for movement III Menuetto & Trio tempo is a dotted minim = 42 (6x7). This links to the Adagio through rhythm - changing from crotchet to dotted minim while maintaining a consistent pulse, as well as [7]. This promotes continuity and flow between the movements. The Finale should be quicker than the rest of the symphony, as it is marked with Presto, the fastest tempo indication in the score. I have decided on crotchet = 140 (20x7). This tempo relates to the rest of the symphony via [7] and is only slightly faster than
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