These black rats like to live near or in human housing. This highly contagious infection is spread to humans by fleas that are biting the black rats and contracting the infection. The infected flea then bites a human and leaves the infection in the flea bites. When an over populated area of black rats becomes more over populated this can be another cause of the spread of the Black plaque faster. The growth of population in cities and small towns tend to lead to decline in living conditions, thus leading to famine and epidemics causing more cases if the Black Plaque.
Selye was convinced that reactions to stressful situations: a. were general and nonspecific b. differed, depending on the type of stressor that was present c. were stronger when people had other physical illnesses d. differed, depending on the personality characteristics of the individual __A__ 3. The physiological reaction to an environmental threat, in which the autonomic nervous system energizes the body and hormones are released by the endocrine system, is called: a. a fight-or-flight response b. a resistance response c. a generalized anxiety response d. reaction formation ___D_ 4. In the general activation syndrome (GAS), described by Selye, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system first becomes activated during: a. the resistance phase b. the stage of exhaustion c. recovery from the stress d. the alarm reaction __C__ 5. Quinn was driving his car on an icy road when the back end started to skid out of control. His car crossed the centerline, and he could see the headlights of rapidly approaching oncoming traffic.
The behaviour changes resulting from this procedure included a loss of fear and a marked taming effect, therefore a reduction in aggression. This concludes that the amygdala is a neural mechanism involved with aggressive behaviour. A strength of this research is that there is supporting evidence from Narabayashi (1972), who found that 43 out of 58 patients showed an improvement in aggressive behaviour after they received operations to have their amygdala removed. This is a strength because converging evidence increases the reliability of the idea that the amygdala is involved in aggression. As there is converging evidence from both human and animal research, this means there is continuity of function.
They administered the drug dexfenfluramine, which depletes levels of serotonin in the brain, to participants. The researchers then used a questionnaire to assess hostility and aggression levels, which were raised after taking dexfenfluramine in males but not in females. There may be a gender bias in this research. Although a link was found between low levels of serotonin and aggression, this was not evident for the female participants. This suggests that the role of serotonin in aggression may be different for female compared to males, and therefore there is a gender bias in human studies in this area.
Suriphobia- Fear of mice. Symbolophobia- Fear of symbolism. Symmetrophobia- Fear of symmetry. Syngenesophobia- Fear of relatives. Syphilophobia- Fear of syphilis.
They started conditioning by showing Albert a white rat. Every time Albert went to touch the rat they struck a steel bar and hammer behind him to produce a a loud noise, which would elicit a fear response in Albert. After conditioning when Albert was presented with the white rat. alone he would produce a fear response to the rat. The in-dependant variable in the experiment is the white fluffy things used, for example, White rat.
The problems with having massive population of pigeons are being described by the writer as his second argument. He creates a very negative view of pigeons in his readers as he describe these ‘pests’ presence as a ‘plague’. By telling his readers about how the pigeons attract ticks, cockroaches and rats, he attempts to build an undesirable idea of the pigeon in the readers’ minds. Bonella also implies the inconvenience and harm that the citizens have faced. He explains this using the strongly negative terms such as ‘clogging’, ‘stumbling’ and slithering’ to put a clear image in the readers of the great impacts they have on people.
Rodents also act as long term preservers for plague. Any rat bit by an infected flea would spread it to all the other fleas that bite it. This could cause it to spread around really fast. Rodents probably play the biggest roll in spreading plague around. The bubonic plague could also be very hard to detect.
They do this, either to be protected from over stimulation damage or so the brain may maintain a chemical balance (Sferios, 2002). This is what is known as down-regulation and can lead to longer feelings of depression even after serotonin levels have been restored (Sferios, 2002). People who have taken MDMA for a long period of time have reported depression lasting for up to a year (Ecstasy, 2005). Another negative long term effect of MDMA use is called Neurotoxicity (Ecstasy, 2005). This leads to the oxidation of neurons when dopamine accidentally enters the serotonin axons through reuptake transporters (Sferios, 2002).
Conventional psychology suggested that displaced aggression was closely connected with low-self esteem. However since the breakthrough study by Baumeister (1996), conventional wisdom has given way to a startling revelation, i.e. people with high ego are more likely to engage in displaced aggressive behavior than people with lower self esteem. Displaced aggression can be found in numerous cases and in varied situations. It is often observed in the behavior of the victim who transfers his own aggression and frustration to the next link on the chain.