Stress also increases the heart rate and can lead to the increase of blood pressure, thus Hypertension and can lead to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Although this disease can be caused by the indirect effects. Indirect effects of stress are associated with the bad habits that stress causes us to take part in, these included smoking, poor diet and alcohol abuse. These poor habits can thus lead to ill-effects on one’s health. These issues are more related to chronic stress rather than acute stress and it occurs for a long period, thus affecting health for a longer period.
praise or increased status within group. Another risk factor that could lead to the development of an addictive behaviour is stress. Stress is positively correlated with increased vulnerability to addiction, this is because many people seek an addiction in order to relieve stress, some more prone than others. Those who become addicted to smoking for example, use the cigarettes as a way to continuously reduce stress (coping method). However stress levels may also increase due to the addiction itself, e.g.
In terms of biochemistry, chemical imbalances in the brain may be involved in certain mental illnesses. Neurotransmitters, for example, play a very important part in behaviour – one theory links depression to low levels of the neurotransmitters serotonin and noradrenaline. However, the relationship between neurotransmitters and depression is very complex and therefore, more research is needed to discover the exact link between this and the disorder. People suffering from depression, also often have high levels of the hormone cortisol. Cortisol is sometimes referred to as a ‘stress hormone’ because it is produced in times of stress.
Selye was convinced that reactions to stressful situations: a. were general and nonspecific b. differed, depending on the type of stressor that was present c. were stronger when people had other physical illnesses d. differed, depending on the personality characteristics of the individual __A__ 3. The physiological reaction to an environmental threat, in which the autonomic nervous system energizes the body and hormones are released by the endocrine system, is called: a. a fight-or-flight response b. a resistance response c. a generalized anxiety response d. reaction formation ___D_ 4. In the general activation syndrome (GAS), described by Selye, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system first becomes activated during: a. the resistance phase b. the stage of exhaustion c. recovery from the stress d. the alarm reaction __C__ 5. Quinn was driving his car on an icy road when the back end started to skid out of control. His car crossed the centerline, and he could see the headlights of rapidly approaching oncoming traffic.
After reading Violence Vanquished, one becomes eerily aware of the world in which we inhabit. In a world in which violence is a second nature, things go awry quickly. Dr. Pinker suggests that this time in history is the least violent. That being said Dr. Pinker uses the statistical evidence in numbers as a tactic in substantiating his claim. Dr. Pinker believes that as a people violence over time has been bred out of us, thus leaving us more peaceful by nature (191).
The drug also alters one's perception of pain, usually resulting in extreme emotional responses. In the long term codeine can permanently affect the way one's nervous system triggers responses from nerves, resulting in a different perception of pain, touch, and temperature. Repeated use of codeine can also cause bleeding within the stomach, kidney damage, constipation, depression, and in some extreme cases hallucinations or seizures. Stopping codeine consumption abruptly causes withdrawal, usually characterized by runny noses, sweating, muscle twitches and pain, and an irregular
What happens if it gets damage? • When the amygdala is damaged in humans, they lose their sensitivity to stimuli associated with strong emotions What is Amygdala? • The amygdala is an almond-shaped structure in the brain What it does? • amygdalae are essential to your ability to feel certain emotions and to perceive them in other people. • The amygdala is our internal guardian angel • Physical respond associated with fear is often called the "fight or flight" reaction • amygdala is the source of all emotions
The right hemisphere is believed to process the central aspects of a situation, and the left the finer details. This was verified by giving the volunteers propranolol, a beta-blocker which dampens activation of the amygdala and weakens recall of emotionally arousing memories. Men then found it harder to remember the gist of the films, and women found it harder to recall details. A hemispheric difference in electrical response to emotional material can be detected in the sexes at 300 milliseconds, long before they have time to interpret what they have seen. These discoveries may have implications for the treatment of stress and mental disorders (Cahill).
Biological and evolutionary explanations to phobias. Does it aid survival? Does is increase the success rate of reproduction? A phobia is the sensation of extreme fear that cannot be justified by the presence of any real danger or threat, or by any rational cause. Phobias can be brought on by many stimuli (dentists, heights, flying) and when a phobia is come into contact with, it often induces some sort of anxiety response.
We not only need help from the government but from our local communities. We should also know how the abuse of prescription drugs affects the mind and body. Stimulants can elevate blood pressure, increase heart rate and respiration, cause sleep deprivation, and elicit paranoia. Their continued abuse, or even one high dose, can cause irregular heartbeat, heart failure, and seizures. Painkillers and anti-anxiety medications can cause depressed respiration and even death, and CNS depressants can also induce seizures when a reduction in their chronic use triggers a sudden rebound in brain activity.