With reference to examples, evaluate the success or otherwise of urban regeneration schemes in combating the causes and consequences of urban decline [40 marks]. Urban decline is one of the biggest problems that may occur in an urban area. It is when the inner city becomes run down due to a lack of maintenance and economic activity. This is often accompanied by a decline in population and also an increase in unemployment. However, this process doesn’t come alone.
In this essay, I will evaluate the success of these programmes in their attempt to regenerate areas badly affected by urban decline. Urban decline is brought about by a number of factors including political decisions, outmigration, decline in quality of housing stock, lack of urban planning, loss of industry and an increasing concentration of low income groups. Political decisions can sometimes mean that areas are ignored for investment and therefore eventually go into decline. As areas become less desirable the skilled and wealthier population move out into more desirable areas, housing becomes of a lower quality as little money is pumped in for redevelopment. This means that the majority of people living in the area are those who cannot afford to move away.
Exam Question 1 Deprivation is the damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society. A key statistic that stands out in the data is that Liverpool has 50% of very high levels of household deprivation. This shows that the biggest need for regeneration is in Liverpool by far. The deprivation in Liverpool could be due to the industrial decline suffered in Merseyside during the 1980’s. When a city suffers an industrial decline, there is often a rise in unemployment, and there will also be a lot of derelict and unused land left behind.
Industrialization DBQ Throughout history the growth of cities around the world has caused various issues. The growth of Manchester during the nineteenth century caused many issues like over population and filthiness of the city, which have lead to many reactions like the ones from working people. The growth of Manchester led to many people moving there which caused Manchester to become over populated. With so many people living in Manchester it became a place of filth and ridden with disease. Due to the increase of workers’ wages were cut which made workers have bad reactions to the growth of Manchester.
Causes Analysis: As to external issues, there are mainly three reasons causing overall industry downturn. Firstly, the nightmare of 9/11 deeply stroke customers’ confidence in traveling, leading to a drastic price cut. Secondly, many uncertainties, such as geographical climate, terrorism, terrifying virus, and increasing fuel prices, also gives great pressure to this industry. Thirdly, a fierce competition among three biggest players also gave great buyers’ power. The industry wide capacity is growing much faster than the demand growth.
Sudden population growth, crowding, and lack of municipal services made urban problems more serious than they had been in the past. Inadequate facilities for sewage disposal, air and water pollution, and diseases made urban life unhealthy and contributed to high infant mortality and short life expectancy (mainly for the poor). 3. Reports of the horrors of slum life led to municipal reforms that began to alleviate the ills of urban life after the mid-nineteenth century. B.
Many of these outsourced jobs don't pay decent enough wages to lift workers out of poverty. The U.S. economy has suffered significant job loss, especially among lower-income and middle-income workers. Globalization puts increased pressure on natural resources around the world, and it creates a greater amount of environmental damage. Economic growth has resulted in the depletion of tropical rainforests, ocean fisheries, and mineral and fuel reserves. Globalization has increased the flow of trade and investment to countries that often abuse human rights — places where worker abuse is common and where attempts to speak out
Due to the history of these sites, many will be contaminated and pose threats to health and the environment. Furthermore, Brownfield sites are more expensive to develop than floodplains or Greenfield land because they usually require a lot of regeneration to get them up to standard. On the other hand, there are many benefits of building on Brownfield sites. In England, the government has said that sixty per cent of all new homes should now be built on Brownfield sites as they offer the opportunity to recycle used land, therefore protecting Greenfield sites and promoting sustainability. They also allow for the use of existing sewage systems and services such as transport.
This is because the gambling distractions cause decreased job productivity and multiple missed days at work. As a result, when addicts are unemployed with great debt, this often leads to filing for bankruptcy. Nevertheless, this clearly demonstrates that the financial risks and
After the world war 2 there are major developments in many industries such as banking, government industries and etc… the service giving industries such as Travel and Tourism, hospitality, medical, health and beauty are becoming more and more popular among the people. Not like earlier people have money to spend and also they have time to travel. Also the aviation industry giving the strong service thru modern technology which is encouraging to people to travel more and more. When we consider about the British tourism, it is started with the pilgrimage. Traveling to holy place and worshiping the god is relief the pain and pressure of the people.