We have enormous amounts of information in LTM even though we have probably not rehearsed much of it. Despite the important role that rehearsal is supposed to play in the multi-store model, studies actually show a low correlation between the amount of rehearsal and how much information is
The long term memory stores unlimited amount of information for a lifetime through semantic encoding. However, it may be forgotten because memory traces can decay, ‘new’ information which causes confusion and interferes with the old information or particular cues within the environment are not available causing retrieval failure. Many investigations/ experiments/ case studies have been undertaken to test the Multi-store memory model. This essay will give both the strengths and weaknesses of the MSMM. Peterson and Peterson investigated the duration of the Short Term Memory in 1959.
However, this experiment lacks ecological validity as it’s done in a lab and so doesn’t have the same effect on people as if it were to happen in real-life. The sample was fairly small and only used American students. Also they all knew they were participating in an experiment so may change their
However forgetfulness of this tragic event decreased as the ages increased, this statement directly correlates to rehearsal. In order for memories to be stored they must go through the process of rehearsal. This event was extremely significant within the media, academics, and the workplace, which overall increased their memories of this event due to successive rehearsal. Intrusion errors are when new memories are mixed up with old memories. This concept was quite common when participants were asked
This study demonstrated how dramatic events could cause a physiological imprinting of a memory of the event and that emotional events will be remembered more than non-emotional events. This study provides evidence to support anecdotal and personal experiences of flashbulb memories. However, only students were used, therefore reducing its potential in generalization. Also, the researchers only relied upon
They found that participants remembered about 90% when there was only a second interval; but this dropped to 2% when an 18 second interval was emplaced. Thus concluding verbal repetition prevents rehearsal of items being stored in STM decay quickly, so items last approximately 10 seconds in STM without rehearsal. One research conducted by Bahrick et al in America demonstrated the considerable duration of LTM by asking people of various ages to put names to faces from their high school year book. 48 years on people were about 70% accurate. There was a free recall test, photo recognition test and name recognition test.
b Operations Experiment 9A: Lab Operations and Uncertainty Jenaqua Hairston Dr. Bump 10/20/11 Purpose/Background During experiments values are obtained and compared to true values which leads to the accuracy of an experiment. However, a complete accurate value is never achieved, because all experimental data is impacted by errors of some sort. Whether it be human error or things along the line of measurements taken, values will not always meet the expectations of a true value. Experimental uncertainty is often present in the form of systematic errors which can not be avoided. Systematic error in physical sciences commonly occurs with the measuring instrument having a zero error.
hm couldnt put info in his ltm but could recal it after a few seconds, evidenlty showing the seperate stores of stm and ltm. The study is useful as it created an influentian research into memory it also suggest memory is not one store, but is seperated. however the study doesnt explain how if we encode memory into our stm acousticaly,
Low ecological validity plays a big role in the criticism of memory experiments, how can an experiment be realistic if the setting is in a laboratory? Laboratories are out of the normal social settings for people which makes it an artificial situation. References McLeod, S. A. (2007). Stages of Memory – Encoding Storage and Retrieval.
When words are less frequent we tend to go back to read the word again; we do this automatically. Research shows that the first 2 letters are crucial in word recognition and transposition of these or end letters decreases reading rate. The number of words that people can see at one time decreases as contents of text gets more