They also used native copper, silver and gold for metalworking, in which they used very advanced methods. The period between 250 CE and 650 CE was a time of intense flourishing of Maya civilized accomplishments. While the many Mayans city-states never achieved political unity on the order of the central Mexican civilizations, they exerted a tremendous intellectual influence upon Mexico and Central America. The Mayans built some of the most elaborate cities on the continent, and made innovations in mathematics, astronomy, and calendrics. The Mayans also evolved the only true writing system native to the Americas using pictographs and syllabic elements in the form of texts and codices inscribed on stone, pottery, wood, or highly perishable books made from bark paper.
The pre-1983 penny was made of an alloy of copper and zinc. An alloy is “a substance that has metal characteristics and consists of two or more different elements”. (Coordinated Science, pg.1005) Our objective is to find the metal used inside a post-1983 penny. The accepted value of the density of a post-1983 penny is 7.05g/cm3. “Density is the mass per unit volume of a material”.
This knife, which is now generally known as Dagger with King's Name, was created by unknown artist around 1560BC. It has bronze blade, wood handle with gold and alabaster decorated on it. The blade is in a slim shape. Although the bronze has gone rusty and deformed over the thousands of years, the curve of the shape still implies how elegant it used to be. There is a vertical line across the blade so we can see the center line of it.
New Mexico was at one point the leading producer of turquoise in the United States until Arizona and Nevada took the lead. Now most turquoise mining has stopped do to the quantity and question of economics. Nevada has been the major producer of Turquoise since 1930. There are about 75 to 100 different mines that have produced high amounts of turquoise ranging in the thousands to millions of dollars. Associated with some of the turquoise deposits are two other gem materials that can resemble certain colors and shades of turquoise.
The one factor that chiefly characterized Egypt's relationship with Nubia through most of their history was exploitation. Nubia's most important resource for Egypt was precious metal, including gold and electrum. The gold mines of Nubia were located in certain valleys and mountains on either side of the Nile River, although the most important mining center was located in the Wadi Allaqi. That valley extended eastward into the mountains near Qubban (about 107 km. south of Elephantine).
Each sculpture expresses the sexuality that comes from their culture. When you view the sculptures, you can see the well-defined curves for their breasts, hips and thighs. It seems there are more differences between the two sculptures than similarities. The most noticeable differences are the time periods and the material they were carved from. Woman from Willendorf was carved in the Upper Paleolithic Period (c. 42,000-8000 BCE) out of oolitic limestone colored with red ocher, and the Aphrodite of Knidos was carved during the Late Classical Period (c. 450-400 BCE) out of marble.
The Babylonians used π at a value of 25/8 while the Egyptians used it at a value of 256/81. There is little doubt that the biblical calculations came from crude measurements but there is strong support that the Babylonians and Egyptians found π by using mathematical equations. The Greeks first focus on π was around 434 BC when mathematician Anaxagor made an unsuccessful attempt at finding π which he called squaring the circle. It took the Greeks over 100 years of study to find a value for π. In 240 BC, Archimedes of Syracuse concluded his study of π with 223/71<π<22/7.
Egypt vs. Mesopotamia The Egyptian and Mesopotamian societies are two of the oldest civilizations in the history of the world. The rise of the Egyptian Civilization, beginning around 5,000 B.C.E. and Mesopotamia, beginning around 3,500 B.C.E., began at around the same time period. Although they had similar ideas, the way they constructed their civilization differed. When talking about geography, religion, and political views, there were more differences than similarities within these two civilizations.
WORKSHEET ON THE REACTIVITY SERIES 1) Answer the following questions in full sentences. a) Why does gold occur native (uncombined) whereas zinc does not? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Why was silver used to make coins in the past? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… c) Why is copper used to make electrical cables and wires? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… d) Why do we know so little about the lifestyles of the people of the Iron Age?
Suwat Charoenrut 5280753 Analyzing artifact: the Baghdad battery During many excavations and archeological digs, numerous uncovered artifacts have created a new way of looking at the technological strides associated with ancient civilizations. In this article, you will learn of metal objects that have appeared in the oddest places, as well as what seems to be the first battery, dating more than 2,000 years old. 65 million years ago, humans were not roaming the world, so why is it that a semi-ovoid metallic tube was found within chalk that was dated at being 65 million years old. Discovered in France, this find hailed from the Cretaceous period. The Cretaceous period was the third and last block of geologic time during the Mesozoic