Bowlby proposed that an internal working model (IWM) developed in childhood will determine or affect later adult relationships and how successful they are. Ainsworth’s strange situation helped develop three main types of attachment: secure, resistant and avoidant. Secure children develop a positive model of themselves and relationships as their primary caregiver was sensitive, emotionally responsive and supportive. Resistant children have parents who were inconsistent in their care giving, resulting in the child having a negative image of themself - often seeking attention but not finding comfort when they receive it. Avoidant children often have rejecting parents, which leads to them developing an internal model which makes them think they are unacceptable and unworthy.
Next, is stage three initiative versus guilt parallels Freud’s phallic stage, describes young children as struggling with dynamics of power and sexuality. According to Erikson’s he describes the third stage as children “on the make,” as they vigorously seek to make the world cohere to their own, sometimes egocentric, wants and viewpoints. The fourth of the eight stages industry versus inferiority signifies a child movement into a more open world of socialization, that is, in schooling. Although, developing their skills in using tools and the emergence of social roles is of significant importance during this stage. In stage five according to Erikson adolescence ushers, identity versus role confusion forms.
The concrete operational period is the most mentioned in the book. This is when a child learns the difference between manipulations of things versus symbols. The stresses of growing up to fast often result in troublesome behavior during adolescence. Children who experience repeated school failure are likely to acquire the orientation of learned helplessness (Elkind.2001. p.131).
George Elliot once said, “Childhood is only the beautiful and happy time in contemplation and retrospect; to the child it is full of deep sorrows, the meaning of which is unknown.” This quote attempts to say that childhood is the best time of a person’s life, yet the sorrows of children exist in the desires to grow up and access the capabilities and mysteries of adulthood. This quote can be proven true through self interpretations, as children desire to grow up to access the mysteries of adulthood and all the wonders that come along with it. However, when in adulthood, we desperately desire to return to our childhood as our stresses and expectations overwhelm us. We aspire to return to our innocence and get away from the corruption exposed to us on a daily basis. The Catcher in the Rye shows clear relations to the quote as the experiences of adulthood and the corruption that comes along with it brings about a strong desire in Holden to protect the innocence in children, as he cannot return to his own childhood to escape adulthood.
Parents need to be able to train children at a young to pay attention and respond functionally to reflect prior training. John Rosemond believes that researchers propose to let parents off the hook when it comes to evaluating the teenager’s behavior. In contrast to most research we find that teenagers that are self-dramatic, disrespectful and lacking in empathy which are the product of what the study says they are not. Consistent research finds that the effect of high self-esteem is incompatible with empathy and respect for others (Rosemond 2013). We can find in this article many different psychological terms including: hypothesis, behavior, temperament, self-esteem, authoritative parenting, authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, neglectful parenting, social cognition, empathy, hormones, frontal lobe, genes and stereotyping.
The ability to be undoubtedly sure of something is a golden quality; however, it can also be a destructive quality if taken advantage of. Certainty and doubt go hand in hand: too much certainty can make a person close-minded and ignorant—on the other hand, too much doubt makes a person unreliable in decision making, which is an important life-skill. Certainty and doubt should be equal in one’s life; they help to solidify opinion and personality and are key tools in learning experience. As children, humans spend the first few years of their lives learning from their surroundings. They gain opinion and personality on what they hear and see.
Without a doubt or question children in the foster care system are the most vulnerable amongst the young. It has been said that a good case manager can be the light of the end of a tunnel and instrumental in a time of great need. A case manager must play many roles for example, parent, friend, confidant, and therapist, mentor, and guide. As there are good case managers there are also bad case managers that will not give that personal attention or moral values needed to successfully carry out the goal at hand. It is imperative that the role and
Young children are very impulsive and find it hard to control their behavioural but, once language is mastered, children’s behaviour changes. It would seem that the acquisition of language helps children to think things over. They focus more on the consequences of their actions and they need to do or what they should not do. Increasingly, the start of this process can be observed when a toddler goes up to something that they have been not to touch, points to it and says ‘no’. Emotional development is linked to being able to control your own emotions and social development builds on this, as it is about being able to recognise your behaviour accordingly.
Scientific evidence has shown that families that maintain certain discipline can help mediate the chaos and stress of addiction. This lack of parental attention seems to be more detrimental to girls and boys; hence, the need for family strengthening interventions that encourage parents to be more involved with their children. (Resnik, 1997) By educating parents with proper information, the parents are able to provide protective factors to their children. The goal of family-based prevention programs is to promote positive behaviour development in youth by instilling proper family relational skills and inculcating behaviours that increase parent/child
UP WITH HOPE AND DOWN WITH DOPE Up with Hope, Down with Dope sounds like a positive notion, but when the children grow up and have to face the problems and stresses of life where they are in unearned positions of power and they try to influence every aspect of our lives then some may lose hope. Then how do they try to cope and meet demands? You guessed it right - DOPE!But is that the end of all problems or the start? We, largely, perceive hope as what is left when everything positive fades away, a candle flickering in the midst of darkness. In this sense alone, hope is the sliver of light that shines at the end of a tunnel.