The Western scientific approach to medicine bases on these main features, focusing on the abnormalities in the body, biological factors explain the illness, it examines the cause of ill health through observations and tests, trained health professionals are the ones able to identify and treat the illness, emphasising different treatments medications and other interventions. Health care environments are appropriate places to undergo treatments and the model specifically states that illness is regarded as a temporary condition which can be reversed by the intervention of medical expertise. The bio medical model relates to the functionalist approach of health as it specifies that health is the absences of disease and it’s regarded as dysfunctional for the society as individuals cannot make positive contribution to the running of society. The model does not consider the social and environmental factors of ill health but relays on the scientifically methods to address and diagnose the illness if the illness cannot be diagnosed the individual would be labelled as malingering meaning one will be pretending to be ill for
- To determine if epidemiologic data are consistent with the proposed hypothesis and with current scientific, behavioral and biomedical knowledge. - To provide a basis for developing control measures and prevention procedures for groups and populations at risk and for developing needed public health measures and practices; all of which are used for evaluation of the success of the measures, practices and intervention programs Scope and Application *Epidemiology is the foundation of public health and preventive medicine. *It is used to determine the need of disease control programs, to develop preventive programs and planning activities and to establish the frequency of disease. Uses: 1. Studies the history of disease *trends of a disease for the prediction of
It is also considered "the sum of the factors controlling the presence or absence of a disease or pathogen." Epidemiology is important to community health because it studies diseases within populations and communities, and allows us the opportunity to take proper steps to control them. As the text states there are a number of ways epidemiology affects communities, for example, studying the rates of cancers such as lung cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer. Age is a huge factor, as it allows us to determine at what age certain diseases and illnesses occur or reappear. Certain cancers, illnesses, and diseases also affect different populations, so it is important to determine the population affected before studies can come into play.
The inpatient coder ensures that the data entered is relevant, indicating the reason that the patient was admitted, which involves the kind of illness and a breakdown of the treatment that was given (Henderson.) The inpatient coder uses the current version of ICD-CM classification for the most appropriate DRG assignment for assigning codes to diagnoses and procedures. They have to be able to determine the correct diagnosis and secondary diagnosis, identifying and assigning co-morbidities and complications and principle procedure codes. The inpatient coder is also responsible for selecting the proper DRG and Discharge Disposition Code. The impatient coder sends the documentation to HIM Operations for follow-up when Physicians documentation is not clear or straight forward.
This goal targets the prevention of mortality from health care-associated infections caused by several different drug resistant organisms, surgical related infections, and infections of the bloodstream related to catheter insertion. Catheter insertion requires regular practices that include hand sanitation before catheter operation (Singleton, 2008). The concern of this goal is the prevention of infection. Utilization of hand cleaning guidelines that are provided by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is required in hospitals. Hospitals must also submit reports of injury and death to patients that result from infections that were acquired while staying in the hospital (2009 Hospital National Patient Safety Goals, 2008).
And on the interactional level, medical professionals diagnose and provide treatments. During the 1970's, the term medicalization crept into the social scientific literature. It has come to have more subtle meanings. A number of case studies of the medicialization of deviance were published in the 70's on hyperactivity in children, mental illnesses, child abuse, and alcoholism as a disease. Medicalization of deviance takes the actions that are considered socially deviant and classifies them as a sickness.
A series of education training of documentation was implemented to help reduce episodes of Medicare payment denials and self-protection through adequate documentation. Thus, I will discuss the impact of inadequate nursing documentation that leads to malpractice lawsuits. Purpose of Medical Record Documentation Understanding the purpose of medical documentation was the first step in teaching how to prevent inadequate documentations that leads to liability and malpractice lawsuits. Monarch (2007) supports the purpose of Medical Record Documentation as the following: • Substantiating the health condition or illness or presented concern for the patient. • Effective communication among health care staff.
It provides statistics on volume as well as financial costs of such errors. It investigates the possible contributing factors that lead to medical errors. The report attempts to simplify steps that can be done in order to reduce errors and improve quality in healthcare. It concludes by providing information on approaches all ready being considered in order to fulfill the goal or reducing medical errors. The Institute of Medicine functions under a congressional organization through the National Academy of Sciences.
What are the determinants of health in humans. When there is a definition of health it is now time to find the outcome measures often in terms of determinants that each society believes to be a risk to health. Extensive research has to be completed to find health determinants and even then health policies must be developed to reflect these determinants of health. Research can be collected by different methods such as telephone, mail or face to face interviews. Usually the most used method of collecting research by companies is face to face interviews.
Epidemiologists use different kinds of methods and tools to study and describe health problems and events among people (Bonita, Beaglehole, Kjellstorm & WHO, 2006). To study the distribution of diseases the methods used are surveillance and descriptive study, whereas, to study determinants analytical studies are used. Epidemiology also involved in outcome and course of diseases and sometimes to define the population groups health status epidemiology is used (Lee & Bishop, 2010). Epidemiology help us to find out the hidden secrecies involved in many health related problems and infectious diseases. Cholera is one infectious disease among them.