Lactase Buffer solutions 4,7,9 Enzymes are organic catalysts that control the rate of chemical reactions in cells while not being permanently altered themselves. In general, enzymes speed up the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy required to start reactions. Lactase is an enzyme used by the body to hydrolyze lactose, a disaccharide unique to mammalian milk, into the monosaccharaides, glucose and galactose. Lactose has been shown to aid in the absorption of several minerals, including calcium, magnesium, and zinc. .
5Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O(l) The above equation shows that one mole of manganate(VII) ions reacts with 5 moles of iron(II) ions in acid solution. Using our average
Results and Discussion For the first part of the experiment (Part A), five different 100 mL volumetric flasks were each filled with 1,2,3,4 and 5 mL of iron (II) solution. Then 5 mL of YY ligand, were poured to each of the five flasks. Each flask had 5 mL of 2M sodium acetate and 4 mL of 3M NH2OH. Then the whole solution was diluted up to the 100 mL fill mark with distilled water. This was the solution that was used in order to obtain the absorption spectrum for each of the different iron (II) ligand examples different flasks.
DETERMINING THE PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME I. Abstract Enzymes are responsible for the speed at which chemical reactions they are involved in take place. This experiment determines the effects that concentration, temperature, pH, and boiling have on an enzyme’s ability to perform its work. It is hypothesized that none of these variables will have any effect on the activity of enzymes and these hypotheses are tested using dye-coupled reactions to determine the rate at which peroxidase converts H2O2 into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). Each hypothesis is subsequently rejected as data suggests that concentration, temperature, pH, and boiling all have an effect on enzyme activity. II.
EXPERIMENT 10: Solubility of Ionic Compounds Aim: How can we determine the solubility rules of ionic compounds? Materials: dropper bottles containing aqueous solutions of CaCl2, NaI , Na3PO4, AgNO3, CuSO4, NH4OH, , NaOH, and Na2CO3, plastic spot plates Introduction: A precipitation reaction occurs when two ionic compounds react in an aqueous solution to produce a precipitate, an insoluble (not soluble) substance which falls out of the solution. These reactions are a type of double-replacement, because the cations and anions of the reactants “change partners” in the products. For example: AgNO3 (aq) + NaOH (aq) ( AgOH (s) + NaNO3 (aq) According to Reference Table F, salts with hydroxide ions (OH-) are usually insoluble, and the silver ion (Ag+) is not an exception to this rule, so the AgOH that is formed will precipitate. However, in many instances, no precipitate forms because the recombination of ions yields only soluble compounds.
We can use the same principal we used for the first experiment, Manganese dioxide is not a protein, not an enzyme, it is a catalyst. Due to this, no products are formed, and just as we anticipated, the reaction rate was given a 0. 3. The 3rd experiment is a mixture of 2 mL H2O2 and liver. In this situation, both the substrate (H2O2) and the enzyme (catalase) are present, and
Vinegar, Antacid, and Soap all became positive solutions after I put in the enzyme. A change in pH disrupts an enzyme's shape and structure. pH measure acidity--water is neutral and has a pH of 7. When the pH changes an enzyme's structure, the enzyme can't do its job. Changes in pH break the delicate bonds that maintain an enzyme's shape.
3) Write equations to indicate what you consider to have happened in each case in which there was precipitate formed. Use ions to represent the species in the reacting solutions, but for those products that were precipitates write a formula for the compound. Place (aq) after those species in solution and (s) after the precipitates. Be sure to write the equations so that both atoms and charge are conserved. For example: Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) ( AgCl(s) + Na+(aq) + NO3-(aq) 4) Rewrite the equations, leaving out the ions not involved in the reaction (spectators).
(2 marks) A drug of same size and shape, as that of a substrate, which fits into the active site of an enzyme will act as a competitive inhibitor and the reaction is termed as competitive inhibition. The drug will compete with the substrate molecule for the active site of an enzyme, thus, it will decrease the rate of substrate-enzyme reaction by binding to the active site of enzyme. The rate of competitive inhibition reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of inhibitor present. 2. Glucose travels in the plasma or liquid part of your blood but cholesterol (triglycerides) travel bound to protein carriers in the blood.
Only the enzyme will fix the substrate because of the active sites on the enzyme. Once locked together, the enzyme can break down the substrate (Hudon-Miller, 2012c). An example of this is Sucrose. Sucrose is considered a regular table sugar. It is composed of two monosaccharaides: glucose and fructose.