What is the message and how is that message coming across? Is the argument logical/emotional? Who are the intended receivers of the message? Is the argument having its desired effect on those receivers? Specific Questions to Consider (No, not necessarily all at once…): The Author • Who is the author?
* Is the sample representative? Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion but do not ensure it. It is used to ascribe properties or relations to types based on tokens (i.e., on one or a small number of observations or experiences); or to formulate laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns. Deductive reasoning is dependent on its premises. That is, a false premise can possibly lead to a false result, and inconclusive premises will also yield an inconclusive conclusion.
Second view is more difficult because compatibilist talk about reasonable futures. To fully understand Inwagen views, I fist like to define terms that need further explanation to fully understand his explanation. He defines free will as being able to take more then one fork in the road, meaning choices. Determinism is the way things are at any particular moment determines a unique physically possible future. Indeterminism is the concept that events (certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or not caused deterministically (by causality) by prior events.
These theories are motivated by diverse concerns and proposed accounts so different from each other that one wonder if they seek to explain the same phenomenon. Coherence theory The coherence theory of truth states that a statement is considered true if it is logically consistent with other beliefs. This is basically saying that a belief is false if it contradicts other beliefs that are held to be true. The coherence theories in general, states that truth requires a proper fit of elements within a whole system. Very often, though, coherence is taken to imply something more than simple logical consistency; often there is a demand that the propositions in a coherent system lend mutual inferential support to each other.
Using Hofstede`s (1980) country classification measures (individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity/ femininity). This article reexamines seven (Venezuela, Yugoslavia, America, Germany, Chile, Japan, Mexico) of the original Hofstede`s countries with addition of Russia and The People’s Republic of China. The authors utilized a new methodological approach by using Dorfman’s and Howell’s (1988) scales. The article is well structured and coherent. The authors supported their arguments by extensive research.
The skill of conflict resolution must first be honed in order to refrain from further damaging the relationship being salvaged. Conflict According to "Helpguide.org" (2012), “A conflict is more than just a disagreement. It is a situation in which one or both parties perceive a threat (whether or not the threat is real)” (Conflict 101). Perception
Generally speaking, a fact is something that has actually happened or that is empirically true and can be supported by evidence. An opinion is a belief; it is normally subjective, meaning that it can vary based on a person’s perspective, emotions, or individualistic understanding of something. For example, biological differences between males and females are fact, while a preference for one gender over the other is an opinion. A person who makes a factual statement knows that his opinion comes from fact. Where as a person who just makes some opinion does not have any fact to substantiate.
Vroom stated "people consciously chose a particular course of action, based upon perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs as a consequence of their desires to enhance pleasure and avoid pain" (Vroom, 1964). The expectancy theory of motivation has three key components and focuses on three key relationships as well. The three key components of the expectancy theory of motivation are expectancy (effort-performance relationship), instrumentality (performance-reward relationship) and valence (rewards-personal goals relationship). The first key component is expectancy, which is the belief that if a worker can output a higher level of effort they will achieve better performance. An example of expectancy would be “if I work harder at work will I produce more than my co-workers”?
The ultimate goal does not matter, the important factor is the impact that achieving the goal will have on the individual. An individual’s opinion is formed by a combination of three factors which Vroom categorized as follows: * Expectancy * Valance * Instrumentality Expectancy The first factor is expectancy. This refers to the belief that you have the ability, resources, knowledge, etc. to actually perform the action and achieve the expected outcome. An example of this would be the belief that by working harder or more efficiently, that you would end up producing more.
Expectancy is a person’s perception of his or her ability. If the person does not believe that they are not capable of completing a task, they are not motivated to try. As a leader, this is important to understand. If an individual is not set up for success by way of training and effective instruction, they are most likely to feel unprepared and therefore unmotivated to complete a task. Instrumentality refers to the individual’s belief that the expected performance will result in a reward.