You could view children becoming abusers themselves via Freud's ego and super ego theory, which it could be argued that in early development a child sees the way to get what they want and or need via coersion, violence, complaining, yelling, or how ever the child perceives the parent obtaining that which they want. We could also argue from Erikson's psychosocial stages that the children are not being taught what correct hope, will, love, trust, fidelity, care and wisdom truly are. My personal theory is that if we look into Bandura's social learning theory that can give us a better understanding of the development of children into adult abusers or victims. “Children learn to hit by watching other people in real life and on television. Adults learn job skills by observing or being shown them by others.” (Bandura, A.)
Genetic information is what starts developing in children the minute they are conceived. This package is the inheritance that has been form together from sexual reproduction. The child’s eye, for e.g. be decided genetically from their parents, as well as the child’s growth will also be affected by the diet and environment later in life. It seems that gradually genetics might play a role in causing depression, addiction and issues to do with self-esteem, these could cause by predisposing the children in some way.
a boy may not cook dinner even though they observe their mother carrying out this behaviour). Support for social influences on gender roles comes from Bandura’s bobo doll study. The study involves an adult model influencing a child’s behaviour which supports the modelling aspect of SLT. On the other hand, Bussey et al found that the influence of modelling on children and the development of their gender roles is limited by existing stereotypes. Bussey came to this conclusion when he found that children imitate same sex models but do not imitate same sex models that are gender inappropriate.
Discuss implications of research into attachments and day care practises (12 marks) Psychological research has helped to improve the advice given about the quality of day cares and what sort of day cares parents should leave their children with. The aim is to encourage children to socialise confidently without their parents by forming attachments to their caregivers and to minimise the negative impact of separation on attachment. One of these recommendations is to offer parenting classes to some parents who struggle with raising young children and need support and guidance on how to develop attachments with them. UK Government services such as ‘Sure Start’ centres now offer courses on parenting skill in order to aim to give every child the best start in life. Another recommendation is to avoid separating a child from its caregivers; many hospitals provide a bed for parents whose child has been hospitalised, to avoid the damage to attachments caused by separation.
P. An application of attachment theory to the study of child abuse. [Ph.D. dissertation], California School of Professional Psychology; 1979 [3] Main, M.; & Hesse, E. Parents’ Unresolved traumatic Experiences are Related to Infant Disorganized Attachment Status: Is Frightened and/or Frightening Parental Behaviour the Linking Mechanism? In Greenberg, M.T. ; Cicchetti, D.; & Cummings, M. [Eds.]
According to the National Foster Parent Association to the 1500s, when the law allowed poor children to be placed into indentured facilities until they came of age. It was the poor English Law that lead to the development and regulation of family foster care. Indentured facilities allowed abuse and mistreatment, even though it was a step forward from almshouses (charitable homes that were built for poor people to live in) where children didn’t learn a trade and were open to terrible surroundings. This was a time it where children were placed in foster homes because their parents were deceased not because they were abused since it was socially accepted. Charles Loring Brace a minister and a director of the New York Children’s Aid Society began the free foster care movement in 1853 because he was troubled by many children sleeping in the streets.
The lack of emotional care can possibly result in no attachment being formed. It can also result in permanent harm to the infants social and emotional development. The study conducted by Hodges and Tizard (1989) was of ex-institutional children. He aimed to see effects of children who had suffered early privation. He also wanted to test Bowlby's Maternal deprivation (or privation) hypothesis.
if the mother smokes, drinks or abuses drugs the baby could be harmed at this time or even if the maternal anxiety & stress could influence development. Infections that the mother may pick up such as rubella can create difficulties for the developing baby. A child’s development can also be influenced by when their born and during the birth. Some babies are born prematurely and this can play a part in their later development, this is one reason premature babies progress is measured according to the date they were due to be born rather than their actual birth date. External factors Poverty, this affects children and their families in a variety of ways for example, education: lack of opportunities can affect life outcomes, children from low-income families are less likely to do well academically due to the fact of potential of reduced access to quality education and the best schools as well as limited access to a variety of books, equipment plus internet.
What Freud defined as secondary narcissism is a pathological condition in which the infant does not invest its emotions in its parents but rather redirects them back to itself. He thought that secondary narcissism developed before the age of three. From a Freudian perspective, then, narcissistic disorders originate in very early childhood development, and this early origin is thought to explain why they are so difficult to treat in later life. Kohut and Kernberg agree with Freud in tracing the roots of NPD to disturbances in the patient's family of origin, specifically to problems in the parent-child relationship before the child turned three. Where they disagree is in their accounts of the nature of these problems.
Daycare is an essential issue in child Psychology as there is a debate regarding whether it is positive for development as it offers stimulation or whether it is detrimental as it takes children away from their natural caregiver. Daycare is a situation where a child is cares for by someone other than its parents for some part of the day. It can vary from short-term care in a crèche to full-time care in a nursery. Belsky is a critic of daycare and used the strange situation to determine the impact that intensive daycare has on early childhood attachment. He found that early and intensive daycare results in children being insecurely attached than children where the onset was later and less intensive.