To what extent was Italy politically and economically united, 1896-1914? Despite official unification in 1870, Italy still remained somewhat divided, especially so under the Liberal government, 1896-1914. Attempted reforms to ease political and economic divisions had limited success, such as the voting reform of 1912 to introduce universal male suffrage (which increased the popularity of socialism) and modernisation in industries such as steel and hydroelectricity (which consequently widened the North/South divide). Italy still remained partially divided, which prevented total unification, both politically and economically. Firstly, Italy was only partially politically united, namely due to a number of liberal policies.
Growth of support for facism was a reason for Mussolinis appointment as Prime Minister,however there were many other reasons for Mussolinis appointment as PM, but growth of support was very important for him. The war and the mutilated victory, had an affect on Mussolinis appointment as PM. The main reason wad that the nationalists were bitterly disappointed that italy didn’t make any gains during the war. The nationalists claimed that Italy had been betrayed by the Liberal government, this shows that the nationalists might have wanted to overthrow the Liberal government and therefore supported Mussolini before he was appointed. This links into the title point that Mussolini had a wide support base and that it was growing.
To what extent did Mussolini’s economic policies improve the standard of living of ordinary Italians in the years 1922-43? The ‘standard of living’ can be assessed by the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class. Economic policies Mussolini introduced in the years 1922-43, especially in factors such as the welfare system, leisure provisions and employment – for example the wage cuts of 1927, 1930 and 1934 – all greatly determined how the standard of living changed in these years for ordinary Italians. There were also of course external factors which influenced living standards in this time, such as the worldwide depression. Though some visible improvements were made by Mussolini, such as the introduction of the OND and its positive impact on the lives of Italians, D Williamson states in Mussolini, from Socialist to Fascist, (1997) that “The standard of living fell drastically in the South”.
Despite starting on opposite sides of the political spectrum, the proposed statement that President Herbert Hoover was a conservative and President Franklin D Roosevelt was a liberal is largely accurate; evident in their policies toward dealing with the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover won the presidential election in 1928, right before the beginning of the Great Depression. Contrary to the conservative policies Hoover enforced during his presidency; Hoover’s campaign was largely focused on his more liberal ideologies, such as avoiding a laissez faire economic system and regulating business (Doc A). Hoover’s initial liberal agenda appealed to the public and helped him win in 1928. However, when the stock market crashed in 1929, President Hoover was faced with the challenges of helping the United States recover from a severe economic depression.
“"Fascism" was the ideology of the movement that, under the leadership of Benito Mussolini, seized power in Italy in 1922 and held power until the Allied invasion of Italy in World War II” 18. “An attempt to provide fascism with a fully articulated theory was made by an Italian neo-Hegelian philosopher of some distinction, Giovanni Gentile, who was converted to fascism after Mussolini's coup.” 19. “But fascism equally opposed socialism, which preached class war and trade unionism and thus served only to divide the nation” 20. “Revolutionized society in such a way that the socialist critique was no longer relevant” 21. “Fascism's debts to the more extreme and fanatic elements of the nineteenth-century left wing” 22.
To what extent does disappointment of the outcome of the First World War explain growing support for the Italian Fascist Party in the years 1919-22? After the First World War, Italy found itself in a series of crises. Economically and politically the war left the country weak, thus, giving way for a powerful figure to rise into power. However, it is important to note that Mussolini and the Italian Fascist Party did gain support in overwhelming floods and in fact, it was not until 1922, when King Emmanuel III offered the position of Prime Minister to Mussolini was their popularity secured. Long running weaknesses within the original political system aided in developing support for Mussolini, along with his ability to change the party’s policies to accommodate all members of society.
Italy January 2009 How far do you agree that the limited appeal of Mazzini’s ideas was the main reason for the slow progress of national unity in Italy in the years 1815–48? How significant was Cavour in determining the outcome of Italian unification? June 2009 How far do you agree that the Catholic Church significantly hindered Italian unity in the years to 1870? How far was foreign influence and intervention responsible for shaping Italian unification in the years 1858–70? January 2010 How accurate is it to suggest that supporters of closer unity in Italy had made no progress by 1849?
Neither managed to curb public spending totally but they did manage to change attitude towards it which transferred to subsequent governments. Both were supporters of free trade and encouraged the international market to adopt the same attitude as both nations were displaying signs of prosperity. Both had economic eras named after them although Thatcherism had tight control of monetary policy and spending cuts as part of the package and Reaganomics allowed budget and trade deficits to grow Reaganomics resulted in sustained economic growth at an exceptional rate with manufacturing firms protected whilst Thatcherism resulted in a recession focussed on manufacturing industry followed by an unstainable service sector boom. Regan and Thatcher
Roosevelt did what he could to replace the Supreme Court members because he wanted his plan to pass, for the benefit of the nation. Easing the United States out of the Depression, the New Deal was a successful strategy, and a significant contribution made by Franklin Roosevelt. He believed in creating a system to help America and he succeeded. One of his most famous quotes was, "The only thing we have to fear is fear
The ‘two Nations’ of Britain in the 1930s were for some the time of the great slump, poverty and the government letting the misery continuing. For others, it was an age of affluence, with the National Government deserving credit for ensuring a degree of economic recovery and manipulating political and social stability. 10. The National Government had the responsibility of guiding Britain through the world Depression. 11.