He believed that all students should have the opportunity to take part in their own learning. Education was not only a place to gain content knowledge, but was a place to learn how to live. Schools shouldn’t just be a place to learn a pre-determined set of skills but rather to realize one’s full potential and their ability to use these skills. He said, “An ounce of experience is better than a ton of theory, simply because it is only in the experience that any theory has vital and verifiable significance.” In Dewey’s opinion the role of teachers are social servants. They are there to assist children on how to act appropriately on ideas they form themselves.
Justification: By reading the exact doctrines handed to early colonial, students can read and interpret for themselves the interweaving of both political and religious ideas. For example, “Thou shalt grant the King a long life: he shall dwell before God forever (4). The Church of England was a part of the government, which many colonists were fleeing. There are prayers also laid out for the sole purpose of exalting the King of England. It is also important to note that this prayer book was published a mere 20 years before independence.
Durkheim argues that education system helps to create social solidarity by transmitting society’s culture- its shared belief and culture from one generation to next. He furthermore argues that education teaches individuals the specialist knowledge and skills that they need to play their part in the division of labour. Education is organised on meritocratic principles and rewards pupils’ ability, not their social background. However, functionalist perspective can be criticised as there does not always exist an equal opportunity in education. For example, achievement is greatly influenced by class background rather than ability.
An international comparison of Swedish and UK education systems I will be examining the difference between the Sweden early education system and the UK early Years education system. I will then compare the two systems highlighting values that underpin the different countries’ curriculums. According to Sandberg, A. and ̌Arlemalm-Hagś́er (2011), the Swedish Early Years education is a combination of learning and play and the basic social values in life. Their curriculum focuses on three values which are; children’s rights, gender equity and what the education the state purports as a need for sustainable development. The Swedish curriculum for preschool is the ultimate determinant of the kind of education all childhood learning settings adhere to in Sweden.
In 1852 Reason left Central College and became the principal of the Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia now Cheney State University, and where Edward Boucher taught 25 years later). Reason expanded the enrollment from six students in 1852 to 118 students in 1855, improved the library, and made the school a forum for distinguished visiting speakers. In 1855 Reason returned to New York City permanently to begin thirty-seven continuous years as a teacher and administrator in city schools. In 1856, he was appointed Principal of School No.6 in New York. In 1873 he headed the successful movement to outlaw segregation in New York schools.
Evangelism, also known as deism, is the best way to describe the Great Awakening (Religion in Eighteenth Century America). Evangelism explained the certain religious groups, or denominations, that were secluded away from others (Religion in Eighteenth Century America) . Atheism was also coming into play and was a big controversy with Christians (Religion in Eighteenth Century
So the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus in society. Consequently Parsons (1961) sees schools as a bridge between family and wider society. This bridge is needed as they both operate on different principles. Within the family, the child is judged by particularistic standards and status is ascribed. Whereas in education and wider society, status is achieved and we are all judged by the same universalistic standards e.g.
Education is also one of the main influences on role allocation within society; allocating people to the most appropriate jobs for their talent, using examinations and their results from these. Durkheim views the education system as an institution that can create social solidarity. This is done by teaching students about the common norms and values of the British culture through the national and hidden curriculum, this enables people to establish a common view on society as a whole, therefore, in theory, creating a more harmonic society. In addition to this, schools create a miniature society, teaching students to cooperate, follow rules and respect their seniors. Parson views the education system as being meritocratic, enabling everyone to have equal opportunities, and success being down to individual desire to succeed and ability.
Some think it as promoting value consensus and some see otherwise. Functionalists believe that education transmits society's norms and values and therefore promotes value consensus, with the educational and economic system working hand in hand to develop the skills required for the world of work. Emile Durkheim provides the basic framework of the functionalists view on the education system, agreeing with its function of transmitting norms and values. He believed that for society to operate effectively they have to develop a sense of belonging to something, becoming 'social beings' with a loyalty and commitment to society as a whole. The education system creates this effectively by teaching subjects such as history, which enables children to see the link between themselves and wider society.
Kozulin et. al. (2003) says that Vygotsky suggest child’s behavior usually stems from social cultural issues, “He proposed that a child’s development depends on the interaction individual maturation and systems of symbolic tools that a child appropriates from his or her social cultural environment.” (p. 12) Once this psychological theory has been realized that it is closely related to the reason for the child’s negative behaviors, scriptural revelation should support the psychological theory that will create true soul care for the client. Counseling should embrace any and every method to create healing for the client. Integration should be primary in counseling as long as biblical principles are the foundation and supports the secular