Dover Beach Essay

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Dover Beach Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) is considered one of the most significant writers of the late Victorian period in England. Initially, he established his reputation as a poet of elegiac verse. "Dover Beach" is considered a classic for its subtle, retrained style and compelling expression of spiritual malaise. The opening of the poem establishes the physical and mental awareness of the speaker, a person attuned to the sensory stimuli of the scene before him. The counterpointed imagery of sign and sound in the first verse paragraph divides as naturally as a Petrarchan sonnet: The visual imagery of the first eight lines suggests peace and serenity "the moon lies fair," "the tranquil bay," but the auditory imagery of the next six lines, signaled by the turn of the imperative "Listen!," introduces the "grating roar/Of pebbles" which, in the climax of the paragraph, "Begin, and cease, and then again begin,/With tremulous cadence slow, and bring/The eternal note of sadness in." The imagistic division, the modulated caesura, and the irregular pattern of end and internal rhymes provide the lyric energy leading up to the emotional dimension of sadness which the second verse paragraph quickly converts to the mental dimension of thought. In a transitional effect, the auditory imagery surrounding the "note of sadness" connects with the image of Sophocles who "long ago/Heard it on the Aegean," binging "Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow/Of human misery." Critics sometimes object to the shift in imagery from full to ebb tide, but the crucial thematic point lies not so much in the maintenance of parallel imagery as in the formulation of idea: "We/like the tide at Dover, but the lyric speaker can "only hear/Its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar." The sociological interpretation, to select just one critical approach, maintains that the disillusioned speaker refers to
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