In typical cases, the most frequently used form of aggression is physical aggression, such as hitting or any kind of physical harm. Homosexual domestic violence does not happen as frequently as it would in a heterosexual case. In the article “Invisible Victims: Same Sex Intimate Partner Violence in the National Violence Against Women Survey”, Messinger (2011) developed an experiment, consisting of 14,182 participants, both heterosexual and homosexual, that were either abused by their partner, or were the abuser themselves. In this survey the participants were asked to fill out a survey that consisted of questions relating to four specific types of intimate violence; verbal, sexual, physical, and controlling. The results of the survey showed that the overwhelming majority of abusers and victims who were involved in verbal and controlling form of domestic violence were homosexual partners.
The 2013 analysis found that women who had been physically or sexually abused were 1.5 times more likely to have a sexually transmitted infection and, in some regions, HIV, compared to women who had not experienced partner violence. They are also twice as likely to have an abortion. Intimate partner violence in pregnancy also increases the likelihood of miscarriage, stillbirth, pre-term delivery and low birth weight babies. These forms of violence can lead to depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep difficulties, eating disorders, emotional distress and suicide attempts. The same study found that women who have experienced intimate partner violence were almost twice as likely to experience depression and problem drinking.
Women have always been thought of as the weaker sex and Sociologists such as Heidensohn argue that men see the need to protect women. Police are more likely to caution a woman for shop lifting than they are a man. Flood-Page et al found that one in eleven female offenders had been cautioned and prosecuted in comparison to one in seven males. Women are also less likely to be prosecuted for an offence and found guilty of offences by juries. This is because women (especially when they have children) are seen first and foremost in the expressive role (mothering and caring).
-According to the US Department of Justice, 2001, intimate partner violence (IPV) does not stop as couples grow older. Women between the ages of 45 and 49 are more likely to be murdered by their partners, more so, are any other age groups. Middle-aged and older women that have been victim to domestic violence are at a higher overall mortality than those who have not (Baker, LaCroix, Wu, Cochrane, Wallace, & Woods, 2009). The wife is the client family member who is experiencing the lifecycle stage. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a term that usually encompasses violence perpetrated by any relationship partner, not just a spouse (Campbell, 2004).
Signs of abuse include physical signs as well as sudden changes in behaviour or refusal of a caregiver to allow visitors to see an elder alone. Examples of Physical Abuse * Hitting; * Slapping; * Kicking; * Inappropriate restraint or sanctions; * Force feeding; * Misuse (or inappropriate withholding) of medication * Sexual abuse: Sexual abuse is non-consensual sexual contact of any kind. Sexual abuse can be difficult to detect except for those involved in their nursing care. Signs include the physical signs. Always investigate allegations of sexual abuse by a vulnerable adult.
Evaluate the effectiveness of the law in protecting victims of domestic violence? The issue of domestic violence has been a long standing and complex issue.Recent estimates suggest that close to 1.8 million Australians have been victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence involves violence between family members: married or de facto couples and/or their children. Domestic violence is not restricted to physical assault but also includes sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, verbal abuse, stalking and intimidation.There have been many laws which have assisted in protecting victims of domestic violence but there has been growing social concerns in the effectiveness of these laws.There have been several cases in which women who have been subject to extreme and consistent domestic violence over extended periods have finally killed their spouses, such as R v. Heather Osland 1996 (VIC) and R v. Kina 1993 (Qld). The complex of psychological adaptations that lead women to do this is known as ‘battered woman’s syndrome’ – and may be used as evidence to assist a defence or self-defence or provocation.
Child adult incest most commonly occurs from a father or a stepfather to a daughter. There are also many of uncle to niece. Mother/stepmother to son is less prevalent but more than father to son, which does occur but seems to be rare. When a child grows up being sexually abused in a home they often grow up to suffer from low self-esteem. Other problems such as depression, personality disorders, sexual disorders, substance abuse and others may stem from being sexually abused as a
1. What is meant by domestic violence? DV is any incident of threatening behavior, violence or abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been intimate partners or family members, regardless of gender. 2. Who is affected by domestic violence? The victim will be affected by DV and it can happen to anyone regardless of gender, social background, religion, sexuality or ethnicity.
The relationship between substance abuse and physical and sexual abuse is well documented, and there is evidence that women prisoners are likely to have experienced extreme mental, sexual, and physical abuse as well as exploitation. A recent survey of 258 newly incarcerated women at Rikers Island Correctional Facility in New York City found that women who reported ever having been physically and sexually abused were significantly more likely to abuse drugs and reported extremes of violence. Women inmates often had been abused by more than one partner. In addition, prisoners may have minimized the abuse they reported, because some incidents the researchers considered abusive were not considered abuse by the women themselves, who rationalized the assaults against
Some of these include the disputes that sexual assault is a rare incident, sexual assaults are committed only by strangers, and offenders of sexual assault are always abnormal or insane. These myths have been shown to have little bearing on the actual happenings of sexual assault. As many studies on sexual assault have shown, forms of sexual violation are not rare occurrences, but rather happen regularly, particularly on university and college campuses. Sexual assault has been shown to occur most commonly between acquaintances, friends, spouses, and family members. Despite what the myth of stranger rape dictates, initiators of sexual assault are often personally connected to victims.