Proving that our intelligence was inherent, however the research was found to be inaccurate. On the other hand, the nurture side of the discussion said that intelligence was learnt from the environment. Jean Piaget claimed that your intelligence is developed in stages as your brain matures and children are “little scientists “discovering their own knowledge via their environment. Another developmental stage that the nurture-nurture debate comes up in is language. The
They are referred to as Grand Theories because they offer explanations of child development as a whole, rather than in specific areas. While they are not the only theories that exist on the subject, these four have been, and continue to be, extremely influential. This essay will look at each of these theories in turn discussing the role social experience is believed to play. The first theory, Behaviourism describes child development as arising from specific forms of learning based on the ideas that children are passive recipients of environmental influences that shape their behaviour. It demonstrates the effect that discipline and parenting styles can have on a child.
Skinner – Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist Skinner, which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. As a behaviorist, Skinner believed that internal thoughts and motivations could not be used to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior.
Behaviorist approach works very differently from biological approach in Health and Social care. There are many differences between the two and how they are used to aid people with many disorders. The behavioral approach assumes that all behavior is learn and that when we are born we are like a blank piece of paper. Behaviorists and social learning theorists are some of the examples of scientists and psychologists who believe in the nurture side of the debate. They believe that children can be molded and shaped by the environment through behavior modification, rewards and punishments.
Introduction: I am going to be talking about the experiment of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth understanding attachment and how the experiments were different but showed similaries Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth both conducted research into the understanding of attachment. Although they had individual ideas and perspectives, ultimately their work showed many similarities. Harry Harlow was an American psychologist who set out to investigate the theory of “cupboard love.” Cupboard love is defined as infants bonding with their mother because they are the main provider of food. Harlow’s work was based mostly on the studies of animals. In particular the Macaque’s monkey, he chose this particular species because of their close DNA links with humans.
However, in the process of experience, human cannot feel the “feeling” using the concepts of that “feeling”, which is named Qualia. For example, although someone has learnt all the theories he should know to generate the sense of pain, he can’t predict the result when the sense of pain really happens. Therefore, Qualia cannot be simply identified by physical knowledge, because it is subjective, and will change with environment’s change. In order to make the argument more convictive, Frank Jackson designed an experiment to explain that Qualia is nonphysical, and
It is still unclear what special qualities of mind set humans apart from other animals. Many things, such as tool use, self-recognition and awareness, problem solving and the ability to understand the passing of time have previously been considered unique to humans, and in some cases closely related primates, but studies have now found other animals demonstrating these abilities. The ability to use tools effectively involves understanding the problem and using the correct tools to find a solution. This requires sophisticated cognitive mechanisms that can be seen to demonstrate consciousness and intelligence, which are two things considered to be important parts of thinking. Similarly, consciousness and intelligence can be inferred from an animal’s ability to remember previous events and use experience to solve problems.
He argued that they were part of the structure of the mind and that we would have no experience without them. He says that sight, smell, touch etc. are all meaningless to us unless they are brought under these innate concepts. Kant believes in a world beyond our conceptual scheme called the noumenal world which he says we can know nothing about and it is impossible to discuss. People have criticized this view by say that how can Kant know that the Noumenal world exists if there is no evidence of it.
The debate over nature versus nurture has been argued since the early years of psychology, perhaps even earlier when Aristotle proposed that humans have “four different types of causation, formal causes, material causes, efficient causes, and final causes,” (Moore, 21) that can explain the adaptation of certain characteristics in individuals over time . Psychologists today are still debating whether human behavioral traits are acquired through learning (Nurture) or if we have a predisposition to behave a certain way because of genetics (Nature). The nature versus nurture debate has since been branched off into many other psychological aspects of human characteristics. Traits such as intelligence, athleticism, and even our own individual personalities are just some of the topics researched by psychologist. So are our behavioral traits and characteristics learned and capable of change?
Several can cause human diseases that can damage us instead of helping us. Side effects cannot be detected in animals. Animals deliver data; nevertheless it’s the wrong data or different data. Humans need more precise, operative and safe results. According to the book of evolution by Charles Darwin, Humans came from monkeys; on the other hand certain test that applies to monkeys does not apply to humans.