Documentary Films Essay

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Analyzing Documentary Films 1. Genre – a common definition of the documentary is that it is a film which collects its material in the real world but which presents this material seen from a personal angle or perspective. The documentary is an art form, and not just a media that registers the truth about a given material. In other words, a documentary will always be an adaption of reality. There are different types of documentaries e.g. portrait documentary, news documentary, poetic documentaries and Expository documentaries. 2. Narration – the American film critic and theoretician Bill Nichols has established the existence of four different main types of narrative modes seen in documentaries: a. The third person narrative mode: the traditional journalistic narrative mode controlled by an omniscient narrative voice, which presents a message about reality. This way of narrating is known from TV news etc. where interview sequences are linked together with archive material, graphic material etc. by a neutral narrative voice. Nichols calls this ‘the voice of God’. b. The observant narrative mode: seeks to avoid ‘the voice of God’ by trying to make the documentary maker invisible, presenting the viewer with ‘a slice of life’. The classical ‘fly on the wall’ reportage is an example of this way of narrating. c. The inter-active narrative mode: this way of narrating makes it clear to the viewer that some one is arranging the material we watch. The documentary maker thus usually steps forward as a person, e.g. as a narrator or a host, becoming an active part in the presented material, e.g. by provoking a certain situation. d. The self-reflexive narrative mode: a meta-narrative mode, which thematizes the narrative process. Many of the characteristics of the other three modes are used in the self-reflexive narration, but pushed to the
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