With the rise in the professional politician many prefer to remain loyal in order to gain power and move up in the hierarchy as opposed to become a rebel who remains in the back benchers. This can be seen after the vote on tuition fees and the liberal democrats. Despite the fact that they had campaigned for this cause endlessly only 26 (including a few Conservatives) chose to vote against the bill. Whips play an important part in removing efficiency from Parliament. By having whips who ensure that MPs behave in accordance to the decisions of the executive both Parliaments ability to scrutinise and hold the executive to account is diminished, but also their role as representatives of their individual constituency is also compromised.
In 2010 backbenchers were threatening to rebel over tuition fees. This was enough to force concessions to be made so the rebellion wasn’t as large as expected. It could be said that they failed because the bill wasn’t defeated but in a way it was a success as changes were made. This shows that the image of being lobby fodder is being shaken off by the more outspoken MPs. It is difficult for a Backbench MP to influence government policy if a government has a large majority in Parliament.
In 1974 the Labour government had been divided but after the referendum was passed and the public elected to stay in the EEC it united the Labour government, thus, making the executive a strong one. They believe that all these prose prove that referendums are useful in the UK and should be used more widely in Great Britain However, there are many people who disagree with referendums, saying they shouldn’t be used more widely throughout the UK. Some would argue that the
The majority of new laws or changes to existing laws come from government but the can also come from MP’s, Lords or even a member of the public. E.g. ‘Sarah’s Law’. Both the House of Commons and House of Lords must debate and vote on the proposals. 2.
This is amplified by the fact that the larger pressure groups can leave many smaller ones in their shadow. For example, the British Stammering Association is a small pressure group with a good cause but one that many people will not have heard of due to its lack of funds and support. Many say that pressure groups holding the government to account and challenging authority is a sign of a healthy democracy. After all, a democracy is a system of government where decisions are arrived at by majoritarian principles. If a certain group of people do not feel that they are being represented then a democracy has to be able to recognise them for anything to change.
A government with a minority of seats in the Commons might however lose a vote of No Confidence and would then have to resign - this last happened to the minority Labour government of Callaghan in 1979. Parliament does, however, have important SCRUTINY functions. In other words, the executive (the prime minister and all other ministers) have to explain and justify their policies and actions to parliament. Ministers (by rotation) answer questions by backbenchers during the daily Question Time (both orally and in writing), while the prime minister answers questions every Wednesday. The oral questions are sometimes dominated by loyal backbench government supporters, and it is often suggested that the media provide a more effective form of scrutiny than does parliament.
Mayoral reforms have also gone far enough as many as 16 cities now have mayors in office concentrating on better representing their people. There is still however many things, which need to be reformed by parliament and the government such as Human Rights Act, because they are in place in the UK as more of a caution instead of an actual legislation and judges can not even annul legislations that are in breach of the HRA they can only send the case to legislation to parliament where it will be possibly changed. Electoral systems are also an important factor that has not been reformed far enough, because if the electoral system is faulty then people will not get the representation they
Net neutrality is unfettered access to the Internet. Even though the concept of unrestricted access to Internet content sounds appealing, it has been a heated issue that has broadband providers, politicians, and regulatory agencies involved because of fear that the consumers will have to pay for access and speedy delivery of content. The first section of this paper begins with the history of the legal aspects of this issue. Net neutrality began garnering attention in December 2005 and in 2006 legislation was drafted and presented to both the House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. Both houses did not approve the legislation brought to them.
Moreover, many executives worried that the greater transparency introduced into the organization came at great cost considering fiving up the family orientation. There was also concern about how to achieve correctly staffed company beyond the voluntary retirement option since the company is overstaffed. Others were also concern that these systems did not go far enough as Taj’s strong ties with its workforce. People who are retired, had resigned to other companies even who had been asked to leave were included in the newly renovated Taj Mumbai lobby party since the
The extent to which an electoral system is PR-based depends on the number of candidates elected per constituency and the existence of any thresholds for successful election. A number of electoral systems combine elements of both, such as the single non-transferable vote and cumulative voting systems. Background PR is a relative novelty in British politics, although it has long been used in Europe and went through a spell of popularity in some circles in the late 19th century. There were several attempts to introduce PR voting for the UK parliament during the early 1900s and there were several more reviews of the topic. The University members of the UK parliament were elected by STV-PR until this special