In the 19th century the economy was based in intensive labour , manufacturing goods, machinery, specialised labour, factories, etc. This changed society. The people from the villages that use to work as farmers and lived from the agriculture came to live to the city, to work in factories. This created a new social class called the “working class”. Along with the “working class” came the rights of men during work, like for example the limit of daily working hours, and the breaks a worker must have between its hours of work.
This was mostly due to his policies of collectivisation which made economic sense and forced a lot of peasants to leave the land, which was a process needed in order to change an agricultural rural society to an urban and industrial one as well s the fact that his industrialisation plan increased massively the heavy industry in Russia; the production of raw materials such as iron, coal, steel and oil all increased successfully. There were other successes in his economic policy of rearmament, which also improved labour productivity and the transport in the country. However, it would be incorrect to say that all what Stalin did during this period was a success since he also presented various failures, for example not being able to boost the production of consumer goods as well as creating a huge man made famine. It was clear at the time that Russia needed a change, as Stalin said: ‘’ We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this
In demanding so much, the supporters of the charter probably ensured its downfall, for the number of demands probably diluted support for any one single demand. The charter called for: The vote for all adult males, payments for members of parliament, equal electoral districts, the secret ballot, no property qualifications for MPs and annual general elections. Chartists wanted a say in how Britain was governed, they believed the fundamental cause of their distress was ‘misgovernment’. The government was in the hands of an un-elected, un-representative land owning elite. Radicals and Chartists alike believed landowners used powers to advance their own interests.
It is believed that the Second World War was actually the cause of many social reforms that were later formed, and the constituting of a welfare state. It was also due to the war that Labour was voted into power with a landslide victory, as the population believed that ‘post-war had to be better than pre-war,’ which caused people to vote for Labour in hope that they would deliver the peaceful revolution that they envisioned. However, some historians believe that the reason that Labour was so successful during their time in power is due to the achievements of the Liberals from 1906-1914. After the El Alamein battle in 1942, many people believed that Britain had a chance at winning the war and the government started to plan for a post-war social reconstruction. The most important plan made was the Beveridge Report in 1942.
This incompatibility stifled the coalition's progress. The high hopes of a "land fit for heroes" meant this lack of progress especially hurt his reputation in office. This internal factor was thereby key in helping the Conservatives engineer his downfall. This lack of progress was also due to a general downturn in the economy: caused by WW1 and the growth of competition abroad. A policy of retrenchment was introduced after a short boom.
This proves the political instability of Germany in this period as they were the largest party in the Reichstag but still refused to cooperate. This need for the parties to agree cause germanys politics to become unstable yet again because they were unable to agree of unemployment benefits and foreign policy. This led the voter moving to more extremist parties like the KPD who had 10.6% of the vote in 1923. The election of president Hindenburg did not have a positive effect as he was very anti socialists, resulting in him excluding the SPD from the coalition despite their majority and including the DNVP to limit the coverage of the political spectrum in the hope his policies would pass quicker. In terms of economic development, the Dawes and the Young plan definitely helped develop and rebuild Germany’s economy, however there are other factors which counteracted them, making them less effective.
There was no control over the king’s power which, in turn, led to an abundance of misgovernment. Louis XVI had to deal with the many problems left behind by his father, Louis XV, who was a poor leader and lead to the loss of the throne’s prestige unlike his father before him, Louis XIV. Louis XVI was unable to cope with State affairs, was indecisive and lacked in self-confidence. His wife and the courtiers of Versailles influenced him greatly due to his lack of firmness and self-belief. The gap between the rich and the poor widened.
Problems with the Constitution and the Failure of the Union Soon after the Constitution was created, two areas began to grow very different opinions and concerns that were yet to be answered. In the 1850’s the Constitution was manipulated by the people based on their sectional interests and the vagueness surrounding the issue of slavery. This indifference allowed it to be interpreted in many different ways with the Constitution stirring many debates. The issue of property vs. people, the power of congress over the states, and external pressures on the politicians from their supporters were all sources of sectional discord and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union the Constitution had created. The north, full of abolitionists, believed that slavery was an injustice and no longer needed for the growth and prosperity of America.
Was the League of Nations a failure? The League of Nations is thought to be a failure by many, because of hard irony and limitation on military might. The League accomplished very little in stopping wars and conflicts while having very little power. Often they just shook fists at ruthless, evil dictators such as Germany’s Adolf Hitler and his conquests, without intervening. Another Major flaw was that “the country, whose president, Woodrow Wilson, had dreamt up the idea of the League - America -, refused to join it.” The league’s most powerful militaries Britain and France not only suffered casualties, but also economically as they were greatly in debt to the United States.
Therefore he would not listen to other wise diplomats, such as Talleyrand. His ego and ambition got in the way of common sense and this helped to lead to his downfall and he tried the impossible, like invading Russia. Napoleon's method of enforcing his rule and ideas on all the countries he defeated also helped turn countries against him. This is because they did not always like the French way of living and this caused the people to feel bitter towards Napoleon. There are also a couple of larger factors that led to Napoleon's downfall.