Describe & evaluate two issues in classifying and diagnosing schizophrenia (8+16marks) (24 marks) The DSM (diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorder) is used by American psychologists and psychiatrists for diagnosis of schizophrenia. This system states that symptoms of schizophrenia should be apparent for at least 6months. On the other hand the World Health organisation had developed another classification system known as the International Classification Of Diseases (ICD) which requires symptoms to be apparent for 1 month in order for schizophrenia to be diagnosed. The classification systems have different criteria for the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia, e.g. the ICD recognises 7 subtypes of schizophrenia and DSM only recognises 5.
With this being the case, antipsychotic medications often have side effects that need to be monitored regularly by the health professionals (Young et al, 2011). Compliance is often a challenge with patients either because of the unmanageable side effects they experience or through limited insight. It is a role of the health professionals involved in the care to closely monitor this behaviour, as the effectiveness of the treatment may be affected (Young et al, 2011). Keller, Drexler &Lichtenberg (2009) discuss the benefits of treating paranoid schizophrenia with atypical antipsychotic medication clozapine and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT). However both forms of treatment are linked with harsh side effects.
The five categories of schizophrenia are distinguished by symptoms. For example, paranoid schizophrenics display obsessiveness with irrational beliefs. They may believe that strangers or the government is following them. Disorganized schizophrenics are often confused and experience disorganized speech and behavior. For instance, disorganized schizophrenics will say words out of context or repeat behaviors due to being confused.
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder that disrupts cognition and emotion. It affects language, thought, perception, affect, and an individual’s sense of self. Furthermore, recent researchers have indicated that cognitive difficulties as in information processing, planning, regulating goal directed behavior, attention and memory etc. are associated with schizophrenia. Previously, the goal of treatment for individuals with schizophrenia is maintenance, however the current goal for treatment is to help patients recover from schizophrenia (Module 4 Notes, 2009).
Genetics, Brain, Structure, and Behavior Sandra G. Jackson PSY/340 January 09, 2012 Stephanie Fernandez Genetics, Brain, Structure, and Behavior During this week I have learn about autism and how the disease affect the human brain, behavior and motor functions. For this assignment I have decided to focus on schizophrenia. The word "schizophrenia" is less than 100 years old. However the disease was first identified as a discrete mental illness by Dr. Emile Kraepelin in the 1887 and the illness itself is generally believed to have tly associated with schizophrenia. In a medical sense split personality is a form of neurosis vice psychosis, slight different from schizophrenia.
(2009). Schizophrenia, Narrative and Change: Andalusian Care Homes as Novel Sociocultural Context. Cult Med Psychiatry, 33, 163-184. Saavedra’s study takes a look at the changes in the life narratives of people who have been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. The people involved in the study were receiving treatment in care homes located in Andalusia, Spain.
Schizophrenia was first called dementia paradox, and it became part of the DSM over 100 years ago or what was like the DSM. To be clinically diagnosed as paranoid schizophrenia, according to the current DSM, you have to have two of the following conditions present for a large portion of the time during a one-month period. Delusions, hallucinations disorganized speech (i.e. frequent incoherence) disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms such as affective flatting, alogia, or avolition. Some of the symptoms to watch for at home are hearing voices, anxiety, violence, suicidal thoughts, and delusions.
Schizophrenia can be managed, but it requires the assistance of medication and possibly other therapies. The wishful thinking of Elizabeth A. Richter in the thought that a person with schizophrenia can cure themselves is just a dream. The reality for people with schizophrenia is a lifestyle change that requires managing a disease with the aid of medication and therapies. Often times when a person with schizophrenia chooses to go off of medication they fall back into the world of delusions and faltered reality. This can cause upheaval and damage relationships within their life.
Discuss issues surrounding the classification and diagnosis of schizophrenia. There are two different classification systems in place to diagnose schizophrenia, the ICD-10 and the DCM. The key difference between the two classification systems is that the DCM measures symptoms over the course of 6 months, whereas the ICD-10 measures them over only one month. This poses a question of reliability, as there is a great lack of consistency between the two systems. Beck et al (1961) looked at inter-rater reliability between 2 psychiatrists who both looked at the same 154 patients, and found that the inter-rater reliability was low at 54%, meaning that the two systems may produce different results when it comes to the classification of schizophrenia.
Personality Disorders Discuss the problems related with identifying and diagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder Introduction The term “borderline” means in-between things. Originally, this term was used when the clinician was unsure of the correct personality disorder diagnosis, because the patient manifested a mixture of neurotic and psychotic symptoms. Today there is a hopeful prognosis, but there are still a lot of questions to be answered and things to be learned about Borderline Personality Disorder. What is Borderline Personality Disorder? Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that is difficult to treat, because of poor patient response and because of the trouble caused to the therapist and the treatment team.