Queen or King is a head of state, but they don’t have much power and prime minister is head of government. Also people vote in general elections for MP‘s to present them. Who is entitled to stand People who want to put themselves forward to be an MP must be 18 years old, British citizen, Republic of Ireland or Commonwealth citizen free to remain. Certain people can’t become an MP’s and that is because if they’ve had bankruptcy , remains undercharged in Scotland, served in prison more than 12 months or civil servants, judges, people who work in police and armed forces. However, those who can stand for an election must pay £500 deposit and they must be nominated by 10 electors of the constituency they wish to stand in except they wish to stand as an individual.
A person will be stopped from standing for election if they have been declared bankrupt, they are in prison serving a sentence of at least 12 months, they have been found guilty of past election offences, they are already able to vote in the house of lords or they are a police officer, a member of the armed forces or a judge. How to become a candidate Collect nomination papers from your local returning officer, complete the form and get 10 people from the constituency you want to stand for to sign for you. Take the forms back at least two weeks before polling
Describe and evaluate factors affecting jury decision making. Jury decision making involves the process of twelve randomly selected members of the public, to decide upon the verdict whether a criminal is either guilty or not guilty for their previous actions that has resulted in them being in this situation. The jury can either be all male or all female or mixed. A person will know if they are to be part of a jury as they will receive a summons through the post informing them of their duty. In the United Kingdom, to be part of a jury you must be in between the ages of 18 and 70 and be registered on the electoral roll.
A felon is also not allowed to serve on a jury for seven years or while they are a defendant in a pending felony case. Also a felon cannot possess firearms and in certain situations a felon could lose a professional license or permit. In the case of felonies penalties can range from probation and fines to capital punishment. Misdemeanors are the next category of crime to be discussed. Misdemeanors are for the most part considered mid-level classes of crime.
The jury is the panel of lay people, a cross section of society, selected at random. For a person to be part of a jury he/she must be 18 years old or below 70 years, must be registered on the electoral register and that person must have resided in England since the age of 13. Until the Criminal Justice Act 2003, five types of people were ineligible to sit in a jury panel which included judges because it was thought that they would influence the
Ohio passed Senate Bill 10 and Senate Bill 97 in 2009 in an effort to comply with federal legislation, (Office of the Ohio Public Defender). Senate Bills 10 ad 97 organized sex offender classifications into 3 tiers. Classification now is solely based on the offense of conviction; a person’s likelihood to reoffend will no longer be considered, (Office of the Ohio Public Defender). A tier one offender has to register for 15 years for adults and 10 years for juveniles and verify their address annually, (Office of Justice Programs). Tier two offenders have to register for 25 years for adults and 20 years of juveniles and verify their address every 180 days, (Office of Justice Programs).
These laws have affected society as previous laws regarding one punch assaults caused controversy within the NSW society and government. Previous laws stated that only two years minimum and eight years maximum in gaol were spent under the law and this caused families of one punch victim’s immediate law reform to ensure hefty prison sentences for offenders. The minimum year’s penalty spent in prison is seen as an unruly law as families of one punch victims who faced the fatality of death say that “eight years in gaol does not equal the amount of years of the life that they have taken”. This has caused widespread disgust within societies standards regarding the loss of another person’s life. This needs to be changed to adequately fit the standards of society and to regulate the values of Australia’s people.
For LSC one requirement under s.54 (1)(a) is that the killing by D must result from D’s loss of self-control, Any loss of control need not be sudden as defined in the case of Duffy and included in s.54(2), but it must be temporary (but not long term or permanent or it would amount to insanity) whereas it was quite the opposite for provocation this principle is demonstrated in Ibrams and Gregory (1981) where the D’s were convicted of murder as there was a five day gap before the murder meaning there was no sudden LSC, however the new defence is not available either as there was premeditation in this case. This requirement also allows ‘slow burn’ situations as demonstrated in R v Ahluwalia (1992) and Hobson (1998) The defence of LSC also requires the presence of one or both qualifying triggers as set out in s.55 of the C&J act 2009. For trigger one to be present, D’s LSC must be attributable to D’s fear of serious violence from V against D or another
CHAPTER 9 * old days youth 14 and older were tried in adult court and sent to adult prison - 1982 came out with the Young Offenders Act Q: Why have the 1982 Young Offenders Act? A: Society’s view of young people simply evolved and changed Under YOA – 18 Under Juvenile Delinquents Act – 16 * transfer to adult court only if serious crime is committed by a kid 14-17 years of age Disposition – the sentence a judge gives in youth court 6 Dispositions: 1. Absolute discharge – you are found guilty but let off eg 1st time offenders 2. Fines – maximum is $1000 (youth has to pay, not the parents) 3. Compensation – pay back victim 4.
Before 1906 there was a property qualification which meant that magistrates had to become home owners or tenants of a property that was above a certain value. Also before 1919 the bench was an all male affair with women becoming eligible for appointment only in that year. Area. Up to 2003 it was necessary for a lay magistrate to live within fifteen miles of the commission area for the court which they sat in/ in 2003 the courts act abolished the commission areas instead there is now one commission for every area for the whole of England and Wales. However the country divided into local justice area these areas are specified by the Lord Chancellor and lay magistrates are expected to live or work within or near the local justice area to which they are allocated.