This treatment plan focuses on taking negative thinking patterns and inserting positive thinking patterns in their place. One study looked at this process as the Thought Changing Process. The curriculum for this process is exstensive and can be focused in many areas of the negative behavior (i.e. cognitive distortions, aggression and violence for sex offenders, responsibility, healthy behavior, etc.). This change is a continuous process that has to be worked on through every phase of treatment (Apsche, Evile, & Murphy, 2004).
Bussey came to this conclusion when he found that children imitate same sex models but do not imitate same sex models that are gender inappropriate. Gender roles are also affected by social influences like parents. Parents sometimes have strong opinions on the divides between genders which results in different reinforcements for different behaviours. For example, a mother may react negatively to their daughter playing with masculine toys but positively to their son playing with the same toys. Parental influence has strengths, for example there is a wealth of scientific evidence supporting it.
Perils of Obedience Summary In Stanley Milgram’s Perils of Obedience, he explores how people react to authority, even when they are told to do something that they found immoral. He conducted multiple versions of his experiment, trying out different situations doing the same tasks. His first trial he started with his students, taking them in pairs of two. They were both given roles, the learner, and the teacher. The teacher was told that the object of the experiment was to study the effects of punishment on learning.
The social learning theory states that people learn from one another through observation, imitation and modelling. The theory has often been called a bridge between behaviourist and cognitive learning theories because it takes into mediating cognitive factors such as attention, memory, and motivation. In crime, the social learning theory plays an important role in explaining offending behaviour. It is explained through the differential association theory developed by Surtherland (1939). The theory claims that learning crime takes place through observing people (like peers, parents and so on), from there if the person if exposed to more pro-criminal attitudes than anti-criminal attitudes then they are more likely to offend.
His goal in this chapter is to prove that based on the research he outlines on social psychology; situational forces play a major role in determining human’s actions. For this reason, Zimbardo argues that the vast majority of people, even inherently “good” human beings can do very evil things as a result of the situational forces that surround them. Critical Review Zimbardo (2008) begins the chapter by highlighting the key points in English Scholar C.S. Lewis’s book “The Inner Ring”. He agrees with Lewis’s idea that human beings are naturally motivated by the basic desire to be “in” and not “out”, and that this desire often causes an individual to cross the line between good and evil (Zimbardo 2008).
There are several studies, books, and articles that back and support my opinion and prove this to be true. Whether or not people agree with me or not, it is a proven fact in some cases. I do spank my children when I feel they have done wrong and no other punishments seem to work. I find it makes children more respectful toward their elders and mind what their parents say. I have witnessed other children who do not have proper discipline act out and embarrass their parents because they do not have anything to be afraid of or loose.
However in the ‘Naughty Teddy' experiment there is an attempt to overcome the problem of the child believing he is to change his answer to the second question. It is 'Naughty Teddy' that mischievously rearranges a row of counters and in so doing, 'confuses' the experimenter. This allows the experimenter to use the second question without inferring that a change of answer is required. Mcgarrigle and Donaldson made the experiment more ‘child friendly’ by introducing an object the children could relate to and so they could understand the questions asked of them without having to ‘guess’ what the experimenter might mean. The findings were also conclusive as the method followed by Mcgarrigle was extremely similar to Piaget’s with only a slight adaptation, showing that younger children can also conserve.
Letting them make decisions for themselves. Giving them independence. It will build relationships and give individuals confidence to express feelings which they may not be aware is abuse. Promoting choice and rights can empowers an individual. It offers choices which can reduce the likeliness of abuse.
Learning Theory 3 The social learning theory is the behavior theory most significant to criminology. Albert Bandura alleged aggression is erudite through a curse of action called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them (Bandura & Ribes, 1976). Albert Bandura and other theorist argued that individuals, especially children, learn aggressive responses from observing others, either personally or through the media and environments (Bandura, 1976). He stated that many individuals believed that aggression will fabricate reinforcements.
Another contribution to anxiety disorders includes Maladaptive Learning, in which learning theorists say that they are the result from maladaptive conditioning and social learning. A certain stimulus creates fear, which over time will develop into a conditioned stimulus that brings anxiety. According to social learning theorists they may be a result from modeling (Huffman, Karen. pg.