For a classification system to be useful it needs to be reliable. One problem is that of differential diagnosis, Bhui et al suggested symptoms of different mental disorders often overlap, exhibiting some symptoms of schizophrenia, e.g. major depressive disorder and schizophrenia both involve low levels of motivation. Therefore suggesting that there is no sharp dividing line between individuals with schizophrenia and those not suffering from the condition. Additionally, the existence of a disorder called Schizotypal personality disorder means that it is sometimes difficult to decide if a person has schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder further reducing the reliability with which schizophrenia is diagnosed.
They may say they hear voices telling them what to do. Schizophrenia is one type of psychosis, it is a lack of insight, and they hallucinate, and have feelings of persecution. They may have suffered damage to their personalities as a child, which makes them powerless to control their impulses. They go with their need without thinking about if it’s right or wrong or the
Emma Culloty BIRMI2A 11 Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a Client’s presenting issue. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is a theory that has caused a large amount of debate and can be seen as quite a contentious issue, particularly when using this theory to try and understand a client’s presenting issue. This essay will look into Freud’s psychosexual theory and will describe how it relates to adult neurotic behaviour. The essay will then look at the critiques of Carl Jung and Erich Fromm and will look at the ideas surrounding Jung’s collective consciousness and Fromm’s view based on a sociological perspective, where the person is able to decide for them and how problems can arise for a client when this does not happen. This essay will also look at the role of women and homosexuality and discuss whether Freud’s views where based on a cultural prejudice when he devised the psychosexual theory.
the ICD recognises 7 subtypes of schizophrenia and DSM only recognises 5. The reliability of the early editions of both classification systems were seen as inconsistent and the vagueness of the DSM led to very low reliability in diagnosis. Schizophrenia was more commonly diagnosed in the USA using the DSM (80%) in contrast to England which used the ICD (20%). Although ICD& DSM have become very similar in recent years, they place different emphasis on the importance of symptoms of schizophrenia. The ICD also lists two types of schizophrenia that are not present in the DSM resulting in inconsistency of diagnosis depending on what classification system is used thus causing a lack in reliability.
John Nash: A Beautiful Mind-Schizophrenia This paper focuses on schizophrenia as it is manifested in the movie A Beautiful Mind. There is a brief introduction to schizophrenia. A concise synopsis of the film is also provided in the paper. The aspects of schizophrenia discussed in relation to the film in this paper include the sign and symptoms, social effects and treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia refers to a psychiatric disorder which affects the coherence of one’s personality due to emotional instability and detachment from reality.
There was also an increase for DZ twins as they discovered that if one twin had schizophrenia the likelihood of their twin developing the illness was as high as 9%. Kety et al conducted an adoption study to separate the effects of genes and environment. They looked at 5483 Danish children and found that 32% of adoptees separated from a schizophrenic biological parent developed the disorder compared to 18% of the control group. Nevertheless, some argue that neurochemicals cause schizophrenia as Snyder’s Dopamine Hypothesis states that an excess of the neurotransmitter dopamine is responsible for the symptoms. However, others suggest that the illness is a result of neuroanatomical factors as Torrey found that the ventricles of sufferers are 15% larger than those of non-sufferers.
Schizophrenia “Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of strange perceptions, unusual emotions and motor abnormalities. “ (Comer, 426) Schizophrenia comes from the Latin language “ split minds,” individuals with this mental illness tend to lose connections to the real world and they isolate in their own thoughts that pervade their minds. Psychosis is the loss of contact with reality and it always appears in form of schizophrenia. The causes could be genetic or environmental. The symptoms for this mental illness are in positive symptoms that include excessive thoughts and disturbances of perception, hallucinations and delusions are also part of signs.
HCA 240 A Brief History of Schizophrenia The history of schizophrenia, like the history of many mental disorders, has been a tragic tale. Swiss psychiatrist Paul Eugen Bleuler first identified and named the disease schizophrenia in 1910 (Burton, 2012). Since that time, the disease has undergone many changes in understanding. Some of the early views of the disease included Freud’s view that it resulted from unconscious conflicts from childhood. Other views led to a myriad of ineffective treatments that were often torturous to the patients including: fever therapy, sleep therapy, gas therapy, electroconvulsive or electroshock treatment, and prefrontal leucotomy (Burton, 2012).
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a devastating disorder that disrupts cognition and emotion. It affects language, thought, perception, affect, and an individual’s sense of self. Furthermore, recent researchers have indicated that cognitive difficulties as in information processing, planning, regulating goal directed behavior, attention and memory etc. are associated with schizophrenia. Previously, the goal of treatment for individuals with schizophrenia is maintenance, however the current goal for treatment is to help patients recover from schizophrenia (Module 4 Notes, 2009).
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a breakdown of thought processes and by a deficit of typical emotional responses. In addition to this, some signs of schizophrenia are also associated with illnesses such as depression for example, hallucinations and delusions. Schizophrenia is also defined as a psychotic disorder with, impairments in reality, disturbances of perception and thought experienced as hallucinations, delusions, hearing voices, seeing things that are not there, and paranoia. Its onset usually starts in a person’s late teens to early twenties, and it affects about one percent of the global population. Its causes are unknown but experts are learning more every day.