However, most first degree relatives and twins share the same or similar environments so it is difficult to separate genetic and environmental influences. Because of the difficulties of disentangling genetic and environmental influences for individuals who share genes and environment, studies of genetically related individuals who have been reared apart are used. Tienari et al conducted a longitudinal study and found that out of 164 adoptees whose biological mothers had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, 11 (6.7%) also received a diagnosis of schizophrenia, compared to just four (2%) of the 197 control adoptees (born to non- schizophrenic mothers). This suggests that genes rather than the environment have caused the disorder in these cases. It supports the
In the context of OCD, this measures the extent to which two different clinicians agree on the diagnosis of the same patient. The fact that Woody et al 1995 postulated that this reliability was very high in Y-BOCS scale implies that the diagnostic criteria outlines the specific symptoms of OCD in detail and with clarity. This explains why such a low number clinicians disagreed on the diagnosis of the same patients, as clearly outlined symptoms that are specific to OCD reduce the likeliness of a clinician misinterpreting the diagnostic criteria and hence, misdiagnosing the patient. Consequently, clinicians can be confident that this diagnostic criteria can be relied upon to provide the correct symptoms of OCD provide the patient’s symptoms at the diagnostic interview are an accurate representation of the severity of their OCD. This
PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA Paranoid Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness in which reality is distorted, also known as psychosis; people with Paranoid Schizophrenia cannot tell what is real from what is imagined. Paranoid Schizophrenia is one of the most common diagnosed forms of Schizophrenia; it only affects 1% of the general population, about 2.2 million people. People diagnosed with schizophrenia make up about half of all patients in psychiatric hospitals and may occupy as many as one quarter of the world's hospital beds. People with schizophrenia have problems remembering, paying attention, and communication .Some researchers believe Paranoid Schizophrenia develops as a young child, but major symptoms do not affect the mind fully until
Critical Point 3: There is a flaw with one of the key pieces of evidence to support the dopamine hypothesis. The drugs used to treat schizophrenia by blocking the dopamine receptors can actually increases it as neurons struggle to compensate for the sudden deficiency. Haracz, in a review of post-mortem studies of schizophrenics, found that most of those studied who showed elevated dopamine levels had received antipsychotic drugs shortly before death, unlike post-mortem of schizophrenics who hadn’t received medication these results showed that these individuals had normal levels of dopamine. Therefore, this evidence weakens the support for the dopamine
From an evaluation of the report card only, Bluegrass Hospital seems to be deficient in which areas? A make believe two hundred bed facility. In which the rates are lower than the national average in areas such as Volume, but reverse in Mortality rate where most of the rates seem above the national average. Since the report is based on an evaluation of administrative data, what should the first course of action be? Herein, Fleming has made some very strong and important recommendations on how to evaluate administrative data within the text, the example made is, “The team compares the data to other internal sources of this information.
In order for them to be diagnosed properly, diagnostic criteria is used. One of the key points on the criteria is that individuals must recognise that their behaviour is unreasonable otherwise the clinician may diagnose them to another mental illness e.g. Schizophrenia. Another thing is that Anxiety is not necessarily a phobia therefore instead of being phobic they may be labelled as just very anxious. Reliability is an important thing in terms of diagnosing phobias as they have to be consistent and accurate.
Individual Programmatic Assessment: Disorder Paper Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects 2.4 million American adults over the age of 18. Although it affects men and women with equal frequency, schizophrenia most often appears in men in their late teens or early twenties, while it appears in women in their late twenties or early thirties (National Alliance on Mental Illness,2012). It is a chronic, brain disabling illness. Many people diagnosed with schizophrenia have difficulty deciphering fantasy from fiction. They sometimes cannot tell what is real and what is not.
Historical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology When distinguishing between normal and abnormal behavior, what appears to be abnormal behavior to some people may be normal by others. Psychopathology is also another term used to describe abnormal psychology. Feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are distinguishing factors to consider in assessing mental health behaviors. The following information provides a brief history and origin of abnormal psychology, the development of abnormal psychology into a scientific discipline, and the application of the three theoretical models of abnormal psychology. Origins of Abnormal Psychology The deinstitutionalization movement began in the 1960s where the number of psychiatric hospitals radically decreased and conditions for patients improved drastically (Hansell & Damour, 2008).
Schizophrenia is a mental illness that most often requires multiple therapies that help a person manage their mental disease. For the larger portion of individuals with schizophrenia a combination of psychotropic medication and a psychosocial therapy is most successful (Townsend, 2008). Schizophrenia has been reviewed and presented in steps for nursing to help diagnose people. The cause of the mental disease remains a puzzle to psychiatrists, but identifying the type and care needed for people is clear. Schizophrenia can be managed, but it requires the assistance of medication and possibly other therapies.
The reliability of the diagnosis of schizophrenia is bases on the extent to which different psychiatrists can agree on the same diagnosis of a patient and the validity is based on the extent to which psychiatrists can agree on what (the diagnosis of) schizophrenia actually is. The existence of classification systems such as the DSM or ICD claim to lead to a greater agreement on the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The different classification systems are each used in different cultures: ICD in the UK and DSM in the US. However the use of different systems of classification has problems because even though (theoretically) they both show diagnosis of SZ, they both describe schizophrenia in different ways. This is shown in a follow up study of Whaley’s inter rater reliability correlation of +.11, by Copeland et al.