The stomach secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food. The small intestine is made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It is a long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes that have been released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. The continuous breaking down process is mainly done by the duodenum, while the jejunum and ileum are mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Peristalsis also moves food through the small intestine, mixing it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver.
When we eat our food it is broken down into nutrients then absorbed into the bloodstream, our body then discards the indigestible parts of the food, this process is called digestion. The oesophagus is a tube that passes through the chest and connects the mouth to the stomach. The stomach leads to the small intestine, which is a narrow long tube from which most of the food absorption into the bloodstream takes place. The reason why we need to digest our food is because we need various molecules from the food we eat. We need carbohydrates for energy; we need amino acids to build protein.
The first function of the digestive system is the intake of food; the mouth is responsible for this as this is where food enters the body. Enzymes inside the mouth serve two purposes, one is to kill bacteria and two, begin digestion. Salivary Amylase begins to breakdown starch, carbohydrate in our food. Lingual lipase is an enzyme that stays neutral in the mouth but is active when it reaches the stomach. You should note that enzymes are like tiny biochemical machines that disassemble large macromolecules like proteins, lipids carbohydrates into smaller molecules, the breakdown of these foods continue throughout the digestive system until they are ready to enter the blood stream by absorption.
While he is chewing his food, the salivary glands will begin to produce saliva and amylase, produced by enzymes. This will in turn break down some of the carbohydrates. Also the chewing motion will break down the food and the tongue will form it into a small bolus for easy swallowing. The
It begins in the mouth, where food is taken into the body and chewed to break it into smaller pieces, then amylase – a digestive enzyme produced in the body – is added to it through human saliva. Amylase is a carbohydralase and breaks down the carbohydrates within a food. This allows the body to take some of the nutrients from the food straight away. Once the food is swallowed it enters the pharynx before it is transported to the oesophagus, the pharynx converts the food into bolus. Bolus is chewed food which had been broken down with various enzymes produced in the mouth, it is much easier to digest than food which has just been chewed.
Blood glucose levels drop again after eating and the Lateral hypothalamus is activated (which initiates feeding) and we become hungry and the process starts again. There are several neurotransmitters in the body which are also involved in eating regulation. Ghrelin is a hormone which is released when the stomach is empty so it triggers eating. The second most important hormone is leptin and this is released from adipocytes, and the more fat a person has the more leptin is released and it acts as a satiety signal so stops food intake. Cummings et al (2004) did a study into the effects of ghrelin on people.
Once the food has been swallowed is goes down the oesophagus where the involuntary muscle movements help push the food to the stomach. Once the food reaches the stomach the process called digestion begins; the acids in the stomach make a very hostile environment for bacteria to survive one of the main acids in the stomach is called hydrochloric acid. Once all the bacteria in the stomach is killed the food passes through to the small intestine and the process called absorption begins. The large food molecules are broken down in the small intestine and the nutrient are absorbed by the micro villi. Once all the nutrients in the food has been absorbed the process called elimination begins this is when the broken down food is no longer needed and is eliminated out of the rectum.
BIO 108-02HB 4/13/2012 What is Hiding in Your Bread Prediction: If a person chews a piece of white bread for 1 minute, then the taste of the bread will become sweet. Data Table: Participant # | Sweetness Rate | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 4 | Conclusion: As the bread is being chewed in the mouth, the amylase enzyme that the saliva contains begins to react with the starch in the bread. During this reaction the enzyme amylase catalyzes the breakdown of starch. The enzyme digests the starch in the bread and turns it into simple sugars such as glucose and maltose. As the reaction progresses, less starch is present and more sugars are being made, therefore the bread begins to taste sweet.
The Art of Making a Killer Peanut butter and Jelly Sandwich The peanut butter and jelly, a.k.a. PB&J, sandwich is an essential part of the American daily routine. The process of creating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich requires a highly skilled person who is competent in distributing the butter and jelly evenly to maximize the visual and the taste of the sandwich. However, if the butter and jelly are not applied perfectly on the bread, they will leak at the first bite, which then leads the entire sandwich to be thrown away in the garbage for its worthlessness. All it takes is a few simple steps, along with some precautions, and then you are good to go.
Discuss the importance of teeth in human nutrition Teeth perform mechanical digestion thus increasing the surface area of food for salivary amylase to work and for the enzymes of the stomach and small intestine to work more efficiently 2. Describe how food passes through the esophagus Food is pushed down the esophagus to the stomach through the process of peristalsis. Wave-like contractions alternate between contraction and relaxation to push the food through the entire digestive tract from the esophagus through the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. 3. Why would the enzymes in your mouth not work in your stomach and the enzymes in your stomach not work in your mouth?