If the interest rate is low, it will cause more funds to be available, greater expansion and increased employment. If the interest rate is high, it will cause fewer funds to be available, less expansion, and decreased employment. Fiscal policy is an important tool for managing the economy because of its ability to affect the total amount of output produced or the gross domestic product. The first impact of a fiscal expansion is to raise the demand for goods and services. This greater demand leads to increases in both output and prices.
Innovation impacts the cost of production as well. Even the innovation helps in lowering the cost of production and making economies more efficient – producing more outputs with the same number of inputs. Technology affects market structure. In today’s market world, technology advances more rapidly because individuals gain incentives, in the form of profits, to discover new and cheaper ways of doing things. Even the dynamic efficiency refers to a market’s ability to promote cost-reducing or product-enhancing technological change.
270). Expansionary fiscal policy raises interest rates, whereas contractionary fiscal policy lowers the rates. The way that a person can track the policy that is recommended, is by looking at the output. If it has increased, the price level of such commodity is to rise as well. When there is a larger demand for more expensive commodities, the demand for money increases and the cost to borrow follows.
1. Globalization has _____ the opportunities for a firm to expand its revenues by selling around the world and _____ its costs by producing in nations where key inputs are cheap. | | | Student Response | A. | Reduced, reduced | B. | Increased, increased | C. | Increased, reduced | D. | Reduced, increased | | | 2.
Businesses often pay individuals a wage based on current market standards. Free-market economies usually dictate specific wages for various jobs. Governments attempting to subvert market prices can reduce the demand for new workers due to a high minimum wage. Individuals can face a few negative effects from minimum wage laws. Minimum wage increases an individual annual salary, bumping the employee into a higher marginal tax bracket.
Bich Dang (QN3536) 10/7/2013 MGMT4670 WRITTEN RESPONSE #1 Political economy, property rights and corruption 1) A. What types of conditions in the political economy encourage economic growth? Pptchap3 * 2 types of conditions: Innovation and entrepreneurship are the engines of long-run economic growth * innovation includes new products, new processes, new organizations, new management practices, and new strategies * entrepreneurs commercialize innovative new products and processes * Innovation and entrepreneurship help increase economic activity by creating new markets and products that did not previously exist * Innovation in production and business processes result in more productive labor and capital further boosting economic growth
(p. 191) ______________ theory is typically associated with greater profits. a. Signaling b. Compensating wage differentials C. Efficiency wage d. Human capital 4. (p. 193) Implications of _______________ theory are that pay level affects an employer's ability to recruit.
The Progressive Era was a time of reform as well as an industrial boom. New ideas and new ways of going about life, awakened people’s mind to the possibility of something better for them. The middle class started to grow, which boosted the national economy, because they were consuming more. In addition, monopolies started expanding their power over the national economy. A few groups became enormously wealthy and possessed great influence.
The essential concept of the American dream is to offer citizens a nation that provides liberty, peace, and happiness. In fact, the initial concept of the American dream promised no guarantee about physical materials, such as money, houses, or luxury goods. In the modern society, people are striving for more and more material wealth, and they somewhat ignore the moral and social reasonability associated within their social duty. “In America, a sense of quality has lagged far behind a sense of scale” (Shames, 92). As a result, many people have to face many unwanted outcomes while attempting to move forward on the path of never-ending material demands.
Decreasing the interest rate effectively increases consumer and businesses consumption. Lower interest rates also increase investments and net exports (Hubbard, 868). These increases push true GDP back in line with potential GDP and, as a result, production increases. This increase in production also increases the need for workers, ultimately increasing employment. Conclusion The Federal Reserve is a very powerful entity and has a large amount of influence on how our nation’s economy performs.