These conditions are more suitable for ionic bonds. That is why the sucrose and salicylic acid did not have good results, because they have covalent bonds. There were a few sources of error that could be improved in the experiment. For example, when the substance was poured into the test tubes, some of the compound remained stuck to the weighing paper. If we used a stick resistant material for this step, the whole 1g would be accounted for.
1A-Water/MSG: When shaken the water and MSG they mostly dissolve creating an orange gold color, the substance foams at the top from the vigorous shaking action yet still some MSG residue remains at the bottom of the test tube, it was unclear if the reason was because we did not mix it enough or rather we added too much MSG to the amount of water given. 1A-Alcahol/MSG: These two substances barely mix together leaving a transparent yellow tint to the alcohol as well as MSG that was unable to dissolve at the bottom of the test tube. We concluded that this residue was unable to be dissolved in this liquid because the amount of MSG remaining in the bottom of the test tube was around the same amount that was originally placed into the alcohol. 1B- Alcohol/Vegetable Oil: Created a foamy top layer, was semi unclear but as to the best of my observations the alcohol nearly completely dissolved the oil, leaving a foggy appearance to the once clear
According to Science Buddies in the article Measuring Surface Tension of Water with a Penny, water “molecules at the surface experience a net force pulling them inward” (2007). For instance, if you filled a cup with water to the very top, adding a few more drops of water will make the glass overfill without spilling any actual water because the water molecules are being pulled inward. While water has a unique, high surface tension, other liquids, like olive oil, do not. The cause of low surface tension in olive oil is due to “Van Der Waal” forces. While hydrogen bonds have a uniquely high surface tension, van der Waals forces have a relatively weak attraction, which causes low surface tension.
They are both very soluble in alcohol and hexane so that doesn’t help, but in water ethyl ether is semi soluble and pentane is in soluble. This would make us lean toward pentane but we felt strongly that ethyl ether because of the density was a much better test because there is much less human error and the we asked about how do you decide if something is insoluble
Because baking soda is a natural compound, using it in these products can replace potentially environmentally harmful products. Out of several methods to produce baking soda, the Athenium Baking Soda Company has chosen the method of reacting brine with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to form baking soda: NH4HCO3(s) + NaCl(aq) => NaHCO3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq) Brine is defined as water containing a higher concentration of sodium chloride than typical seawater, along with the possible impurities potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), and calcium chloride (CaCl2) (brinechem). After NaHCO3 is dried and filtered, it may contain contaminants (KCl, LiCl, CaCl2) in the residue. To ensure the standards of the products are kept high, many baking soda manufacturing companies employ technicians and scientists to analyze and approve the products. This analysis is commonly referred to as quality control and includes periodic inspections designed to ensure the company’s products are meeting the set standards such as being uncontaminated, not losing quality during the manufacturing process, and not containing chemical structure or composition imperfections.
Chemistry PAT Question 1 Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biopolymer with properties very similar to that of polypropylene, though has all the benefits that come with biopolymers. PHB was first introduced to the scientific community by the scientist Maurice Lemoigne in 1926. He noticed that to produce PHB you need particular micro-organisms such as Alcaligenes Eutrophus or Bacilius megaterium undergoing physiological stress in an apparatus such as an agar dish to allow the micro-organisms to multiply. In order to achieve this stress there is a restriction to the amount of nitrogen the micro-organisms can attain thereby altering its nutrition. This is quite an efficient method of production and the amount of the PHB polymer yielded is around 30-80% of the dry weight of the micro-organisms used.
Laundry detergent hypothesis accept/reject = Reject// Laundry detergent also changed the viscosity of the water. What affects did each of the contaminants have on the water in the experiment? Which contaminant seemed to have the most potent effect on the water? Answer = From what I observed, oil is saturated into the soil leaving little to none of the water to pass through. While the vinegar passed through the soil leaving more dirty water.
I believe we did our procedures accurately. The precipitate was Zinc hydroxide which is amphoteric in nature. Meaning it can react both with acid and base to form salt. We got a white precipitate of zinc hydroxide and it reacted to make salt with both the base sodium hydroxide and the acetic acid. Our result would have been clearer to observe if we centrifuged it long enough because we might have lost some of the precipitate while washing it since it was not centrifuged long enough.
In the toxic mussels, the visible light absorption spectrum revealed a pattern that was characteristic of phytoplankton pigments. With further investigation, the pigments were found not to be poisonous though, and the aqueous layer consisted of the toxin. Column chromatography was used to separate the layer into organic acids and bases. Acids that were ionized quickly passed through because the resin called XAD-2 would not hold them in their polar ionized form. Out of all the acids that passed through, only one was found to be toxic.
After the rise of meth consumers had to start giving an ID, name, address, and signature just to obtain the most common cold medicine: Sudafed, which is making the production of meth more difficult. Freon is used as an anesthetic in third world countries. Lighter fluid is used in the cooking process of meth making, which is why so many makeshift labs either blow up or catch fire. Anhydrous ammonia is a colorless gas with a pungent, used primarily as an agricultural fertilizer refrigerant as well as being the key ingredient for meth production in makeshift labs (“Anhydrous ammonia thefts and releases associated with illicit methamphetamine production--16 states, January 2000-June 2004.” 2005). Most of the chemicals used in the making of meth are highly dangerous and extremely flammable.