Coal hypothesis = If activated carbon is added with 100mL of water, it will increase the pH over 48 hours. 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this. a. Pyrite hypothesis accept/reject = I would accept the hypothesis, seeing as how the pH reduced from 6 to 2. b.
Hydraulic fracturing or more commonly known as “fracking” is an extreme water-intensive process. Fracking uses millions of gallons of water that is mixed with sand and harmful chemicals that is injected into the ground at a high pressure to fracture the surrounding rock. This process was started in the 1860s. It was mainly popular in places like Pennsylvania, New York, Wyoming, and Kentucky. They used liquid and solidified nitroglycerin but later applied the same methods with water and gas to achieve a greater outcome.
Oil Sand is a naturally occurring mixture of sand, water, clay, bitumen and other minerals. Bitumen is what we need for oil. As shown in the diagram on the right the sand particles are surrounded by a layer of water which is surrounded by a layer of Bitumen. After we get the oil sands we must separate the sand and water from the Bitumen. Since Bitumen is very heavy and viscous it must be treated so it can be refined and used.
The heat from the steam decreases the viscosity of the heavy crude oil or bitumen which enables it to move down into the lower well chamber. The steam and gases rise because of their low density compared to the heavy crude oil below. The gases released, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen sulfide, tend to rise into the steam chamber, filling the void space left by the oil. Oil and water flow countercurrent, gravity driven drainage into the lower well. The condensed water and crude oil is recovered at the surface by pumps such as progressive cavity pumps that work well with high viscosity fluids and suspended
The evidence of sea floor spreading was further supported by Vine and Drummond, who studied the magnetic pattern of the sea floor. They found that the Earth’s magnetic field changes over time, because as magma from the mantle rises to the crust it cools but the basalt will align to the field it cools to. It is also found that on either side of mid oceanic ridges there were symmetrical magnetic patterns, so suggesting that the ocean was created at the mid oceanic ridges and as new ocean floor cooled, it pushed the crust away. Both Hess and Vine and Drummond found evidence that is crucial to the explanation of how continental drift happened, and it is very important in the development of geologists understanding, however other people found evidence to support continental drift also. Dan McKenzie went on to further explain sea floor spreading, being able to explain why new crust was made at mid oceanic ridges.
Year 12 HSC Chemistry Notes (Conquering Chemistry) Module 1 – production of Materials Ethylene, polymers and ethanol * Fossil fuels – energy rich substances formed in the Earth’s crust under intense heat and pressure millions of years ago. Originally remains of marine organisms, they were converted into petroleum that is trapped near the Earth’s surface. Fossil fuels can be extracted and refined to provide energy, and the building blocks of crude oil can be used to create numerous materials for human use e.g. ethylene. * Petroleum – mixture of hydrocarbons, consists of liquid crude oil and gaseous natural petroleum gas.
In 1963–66 even deeper oil production was achieved with an average depth of 9,000 feet. The old field continued in the 1990s to yield very limited oil production in the form of stripper wells and salt brine production. Some parts of the salt dome cavities were being developed as storage facilities for petroleum products. In commemoration of the importance of the development of Spindletop oilfield, a Texas pink granite monument was erected in 1941 near the site of the Lucas gusher. The withdrawal of oil, sulphur, and brine from beneath the surface, however, caused the Spindletop dome to subside, and the monument was moved to the recreated Spindletop/Gladys City Boomtown Museum across the highway on the Lamar University campus at Beaumont.
The procedure consists of injecting a special fluid made up of chemicals and sand into the ground at high pressures to squeeze the natural gas back up through the rocks. By injecting this certain fluid we are leaving mercury, lead, hydrochloric acid, methane, and other poisonous chemicals left to rest in our earth’s crust. Studies show that more than 90% of fracking fluids are left underground. Because we are permanently polluting our land we are putting our environment at high risks of becoming destroyed and it is effecting human health. One resource that is at high risk of being contaminated due to fracking is water.
Lab 4 – Energy Sources and Alternative Energy Experiment 1: The Effects of Coal Mining |Table 1: pH of Water Samples | |Water Sample |Initial pH |Final pH (24-48 hours) | |Pyrite |6 |7 | |Activated Carbon |6 |7 | |Water |6 |6 | NOTE: Picture below is after 48 hours of all three samples sitting in a warm place. [pic] POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop hypotheses predicting the effect of pyrite and coal on the acidity of water? a. Pyrite hypothesis = If pyrite is in the water source, then it will make the specimen more acidic. b.
ceName___________________________________ Homework Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions Please answer these questions on a scantron ;-) MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The primary cause of increasing greenhouse gases is: A) the increased use of natural gas, petroleum and coal. B) the release of CO2 by decreasing solubility in the ocean. C) the production of CO2 by respiration.