This essay will also look at the role of women and homosexuality and discuss whether Freud’s views where based on a cultural prejudice when he devised the psychosexual theory. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development. Freud’s theory of psychosexual development was devised in the late 19th century and was tested and researched on middle class, Viennese women. Freud believed that in order to understand a client’s presenting issue then we would need to look into their childhood to establish why the client was suffering neuroses. Freud believed that it was possible to link the psychosexual stages of development with adult neuroses.
In this essay Freud sets out his theory of psychosexual development. He asserts that there is in all humans an innate drive or instinct for pleasure, a sort of psychic energy, which he calls the libido and this energy needs to be discharged. He then goes on to describe how this drive finds outlet at the earliest stages of life, as babies, toddlers and infants and describes the oral, anal and phallic stages and the psychological effects of fixation at these stages. It is important to note that Freud separated sexual aims and objectives. His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated the sexual aim (the desire for pleasure) and the object (the person or thing used to fulfil the desire).
Freud suggested that unresolved unconscious conflicts at anal stage of psychosexual development cause fixation that eventually lead to development of obsessions and ritualistic behaviours at later life. To apply the Freudian idea to the given case study, it can be assumed that Diane’s unresolved conflicts have caused a fixation at anal stage of her development. The repressed angry thoughts expressed themselves in Diane’s behaviour resulting in anxiety and fear of stepping on the pavement cracks. From psychoanalytic point of view OCD is conceptualised in terms of constant conflict between feelings of love and hate. According to Freud, mixture of feelings of love and hate that Diane presumably felt for her mother were the results of her obsessional thoughts and fear of losing the mother, and could actually mean an unconscious wish of Diane to kill her mother.
Finally, other psychoanalytical concepts will be discussed. Sigmund Freud was the founder of psychosexual and psychoanalytic theory. His psychosexual theory states that erogenous zones differ at various times throughout development (Cervone, & Pervin, 2010). The first stage is the oral stage which sensual gratification focuses on the mouth (Cervone, & Pervin, 2010). The second stage is the anal stage which Freud believed there is an enjoyment in the anus and in the movement of feces through the anal canal (Cervone, & Pervin, 2010).
Psychoanalysis was sprung up and dully applied as a psychological problem solving method by Sigmund Freud. Nevertheless, Psychoanalysis indicates that development are completely dependent on the comatose mind. Psychoanalysis holds that early life know-hows are very important in development. In the process of talking to his patients about their problems, Freud realized that their problems were an offshoot of their experiences in life. According to Sigmund Freud, as children grow up pleasure and sexual impulses shifts from the mouth to the anus and gradually shifts to the genitals.
Eventually after a few spankings here and there the child will learn from right and wrong very quickly. Depending on the degree of the spanking the child is receiving, parents should have the option of spanking their children. As ridiculous as it may sound, adults are not able to reason with many children now and days and some times and the only way for the child to actually listen to their parents is by the physical force that is needed or could be used in the situation so with that being said, yes parents should be able to spank their kids. Hebrews 11:12 for the moment all discipline seems painful rather than pleasant, but later it yields the peaceful fruit of righteousness to those who have been trained by it. Discipline is an activity that takes place in the moment but always for the sake of later.
Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development Freud proposed a theory of personality development that centered on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on a persons behaviour or personality traits later on in life. At particular points in the developmental process, he claimed that the id's pleasure sweeking tendancies are focused on specific pleasure sensitive areas of the body termed erogenous zones . (Passer et al,2009). Freud described five stages of psychosexual development, which we all pass through related to the body part in question : Oral (0-2 years) Anal (2-3 years) Phallic (3-6 years) Latent (6-11 years) Genital (11+) If the stages are completed successfully, the result is a healthy personality. If certain issues are not resolved at the appropriate stage, fixation and/or regression can occur.
His findings into attachment radically challenged the prevalent behaviourist theory of Watson of learned infant attachment in response to constant stimuli and the psychoanalytical theory of Freud that attachment was based on biological needs or ‘cupboard love’ theories as unreliable. (Custance, 2010). Within this essay I will attempt to describe both Harlow’s and Ainsworth research methods and compare and contrast their findings and criticisms. Harry Harlow’s work on attachment focused on the bond between infant and mother. Harlow wanted to investigate whether attachment was based on the ‘cupboard love’ theory of Freud and Watson or on Bowlby’s suggestion that attachment was an innate tendency in response to warmth and tactility.
Freud focused on the concept of the unconscious, dividing the mind into the conscious, unconscious, and preconscious (Kowalski, 2011). He further divides the personality into the Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id contains primitive desires, drives, and emotions whereas the Superego contains internalized parental and societal morals. The Ego serves as a balance between the Id and Super-ego (Kowalski, 2011). In the case of Oprah Winfrey, Freud would suggest that she has an overactive id when she engages in overeating and promiscuous behavior.
Many teenagers are going to be sexually active regardless, and this model simply doesn’t accommodate to this fact or even acknowledge it. Students of today need a sexual education model that will provide them with the tools they need to be safe and healthy, and abstinence-only just isn’t it. Students are missing out on valuable education that could possibly prevent an unwanted pregnancy or deadly STD. Clearly, something needs to be changed about