Discuss the factors that contribute to prejudice and discrimination and identify some techniques for reducing the development of prejudice and discrimination. Prejudice and discrimination have been prevalent throughout human history. Prejudice has to do with a negative attitude held by a person about members of a particular group, while discrimination refers to behaviors directed differently against people because of prejudice toward the social group they belong to. Prejudice is the attitude and discrimination is the behavior that can result from the attitude. Discrimination can be controlled by laws, but the prejudicial attitude can’t be easily controlled.
However, some results may be invalidated by the participants knowing either the true aim of the study or the fact that they are being studied at all. If the participant was to know the true nature of the study, they may adapt their behaviour in order to fit in (socially desirable) or they may act in a way that they think the researcher is expecting (demand characteristics). For example, in Milgram's electric shock experiment, it is highly likely that more participants would have delivered the higher shocks to the 'learner' if they had known the reality of the entire study. This makes the participants actions and behaviour unnatural and could invalidate the data completely. When considering this issue, sociologists should also consider that participants should also be offered the right to refuse.
Some of these relate to our individual differences whilst others relate to the situational factors we encounter. Individual differences are important personal factors such as gender, personality or culture that differentiate people. Individual differences between people may affect how they respond to situations where social influence is applied. Dispositional factors are individual differences including gender, age, ethnicity, self-esteem, personality, confidence and Locus of Control. The concept of Locus of control which was made by Rotter in 1966 refers to individual differences in people’s beliefs and expectations about what controls events in their lives.
N/A English 102 Professor Love December 17, 2012 The American DREAM Meeting people from different cultures is always a privilege. In today’s society we come across many people with different background but assume that everyone acts the same or have the same beliefs amongst one another. The truth is; we don’t. We don’t share the same values, morals, beliefs, and feelings about one another. Every culture is different in their own way, which is where many people today fail to understand.
CT279: Understanding Sensory Loss. 1, 1, There are a number of factors that can impact individuals with sensory loss, communication and awareness plays a big role in this, they may also find it difficult to feed themselves, dressing, mobility, hobbies and interests can have a major negative impact on their lives. They could also feel scared and alone. There can also be positive factors that could impact on individuals lives, increased help, aids for support and a good support team could give them a better outlook on life. 1, 2, Societal attitudes and beliefs can impact individuals with sensory loss in quite a negative way because people in society can be very judgmental towards people with disabilities, and put them in a group of people with below average intelligence and assume they can’t do or think the same way as other people without disabilities can.
Concept of helping clients during the case management process The concept of helping clients during the case management process will reduce recidivism, enhance public safety, and promote success. The case management concept is complex because different components may happen at different times during the treatment process. Each individual is unique and different, so therefore, the treatment has to be different. Freeman (2001) stated, “The traditional case management plan calls for reduction of problematic symptoms by a certain percentage” (p. 77). Case managers are professionals who provide treatment and services to clients so they can live productive in society.
Underreporting occurs due to individuals being dishonest regarding their behavior, therefore causing an error in the research done. A possible solution to this limitation is focusing on observed behavior, and correlating the findings with the self-reporting behavior, therefore developing a conclusion that is more in-depth. Furthermore, Article 2 emphasized that other factors can influence self-labeling as a victim in relation to work-place bullying, not just anxiety and anger. In addition, discovering a moderation effect regarding negative acts of violence and self-labeling is hard to discover due to the psychological way an individual may experience an event. Lastly, Article 3 honed on the lack of variances of deviant behavior.
Abnormal Psychology Lisa Mac Donald-Clark PSY/410 December 19, 2011 Mark Hurd Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology, also known as psychopathology, is the branch of psychology that deals with abnormal behaviors and mental illness (Hansell & Damour, (2008). Although psychopathology is a fascinating field of study it can be equally challenging, covering a broad range of disorders, illnesses, and symptoms. Defining abnormal psychology also poses a challenge. The fundamental concept of abnormal would seem simple in that it would include anything that falls outside of what societies considers normal. Narrowing the group association is essential in defining the behavior as normal or abnormal.
This awareness is hypothesized to be deeply threatening • A model hypothesizing that recognition of their own morality raises anxiety in humans, which they can reduce by affirming and conforming to their cultural worldview • This conforming act gives meaning to existence • Reminding people of their morality increases their use of stereotypes • Basically, conformity to social values and cultural worldviews can serve to protect people from death anxiety • This provides a sense of symbolic immortality o Social impact theory • A model that conceives of influence fro other people as being the result of social forces acting on individuals, much as psychical forces can affect an object • Strength of social force (intensity) matters • Immediacy refers to the closeness of each social force • Numbers refers to the quantity of social forces present • Psychosocial law • A principle in social impact theory that specifies the nature of the relation between the size of a group and its social influence. The principle predicts that as the number of social forces increases, overall social influence also increases, but at a declining rate
It is believed that the authoritarian technique is difficult to be used in group hypnotherapy sessions (Hadley and Straudacher, 1996), as well as permissive screeds. It is also likely that within the group, some may respond more effectively to an authoritarian induction and others may prefer a permissive