History and Theory: Freud and Rogers PSYCH/504 May 13, 2013 Nancy Lees History and Theory: Freud and Rogers The article, “Using the Delay Discounting Task to Test for Failures in Ego Control in Substance Abuse” in the Psychoanalytic Psychology Journal talks about the study done on the self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders (SUDs). It says that individuals use substances to mask un-pleasurable feelings or experiences. As a society we see this daily. People who have experienced tough times and do not want to feel pain any longer; emotional or physical, are more likely to abuse substances. Individuals do this to make the pain go away which ultimately they really just defense mechanisms (Gottdiener, Murawski, & Kucharski, 2008).
“Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue”. Introduction In this assignment I will evaluate Freud’s psychosexual theory and demonstrate that I have an understanding of this theory, examining the stages that clients are meant to go through according to freud and how its relationship to this theory effects a client’s presenting issue. I will also show how Freud’s theory has a relationship to a client’s neurotic behaviour, and look at some of the criticisms that this theory attracted from other critics, this will help me understand how it was used in practice. Freud’s greatest contribution to psychology was his theories involving psychosexual development, he had a very sexual way at looking at what happens to our mind from birth to teenage years, but before I begin to explain these in more detail we need to look at Freud himself to understand and have an idea on what sort of man he was. Freud was born in the Czech Republic on 6th May 1856, his parents were practicing Jews and were very religious, but as Freud grew up he himself, even though being a Jew never practised.
Genetic inheritance theory is the inherited factors that shape our development and personality. 4. Explain Freud’s concept of the unconscious and why it is important in counselling. Freud's theory of the unconscious mind is based on his idea that there is a pool of unpleasant memories that we store outside of the conscious mind. According to Freud, even though the unconscious is hidden it still continues to sway our behaviours.
Your therapist helps you identify negative thoughts and evaluate how realistic these thoughts are. Then, he or she teaches you to “unlearn” negative thought patterns and “learn” new, helpful ones. CBT is a problem-solving approach. You cannot control other people or situations, but you can control the way you perceive and react. CBT teaches you the skills to change your thinking and manage your reactions to stressful people and situations.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be used to treat people with a wide range of mental health problems. CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior. Therefore, negative - and unrealistic - thoughts can cause us distress and result in problems. When a person suffers with psychological distress, the way in which they interpret situations becomes skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take.
This perspective can also be used to explain phobias. This perspective could help us to understand a service user who has a phobia of needles. Freud would say that the phobia is a symbol of an unconscious problem or past experience in childhood e.g. a patient may have been hurt by a needle or had an awful experience – poking around for a vein. Now they are older and may need blood tests, maybe insulin dependent diabetic - they would need psychoanalysis in the day care centre to get over this phobia We need to be careful not to make assumptions about services users – their behaviour may be due to earlier childhood experiences.
They are genuine feelings based on the self's interactions with the environment and the people in it, at different points in time. Freud, in his psychoanalytic theory, regarded counter-transference as a “block” that can hinder therapy and the therapeutic relationship which may occur when the patient triggers certain feelings or reactions in the therapist based on the therapist’s past experiences and relationships (Winnicott, 1994). Another form of counter-transference, termed ‘projective-identification by Melanie Klein, occurs when “parts of the self and internal objects are split off and projected into the external object, which then becomes possessed by, controlled and identified with the projected parts” (Segal, 1974). A third type of counter-transference which is also the one I choose to base my paper on is a different kind of counter-transference; a more totalistic, objective form, referred to first by Winnicott in his paper “Hate in the Counter-transference”. Winnicott describes it as “an understandable and ‘normal’ reaction to the patient’s actual personality and behavior” which he ten
This essay will describe the benefits and limits of psychoanalytical and cognitive therapy while contrasting the use of these theories in treating sex offenders. Clinical interest in issues of denial and accountability in sexual offenders can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s (Cowden & Morse, 1970). The origin of cognitive behavioral therapy dates back to the late 1970’s as the dominant approach to the treatment of sexual offenders (Marshall & Barbaree, 1990). The overall aim of cognitive behavioral treatment is to strengthen sex offenders with the self-management skills necessary to manage or avoid situations that increase their risk of recidivism in society. To successfully accomplish this, offenders are trained to alter their views in a pro-social direction, realize the negative consequences of their actions both for themselves and others, establish a less distorted view of their deviant behavior, develop more acceptable responses to meet their needs, and learn strategies to control deviant sexual arousal (Marshall, & Barbaree, 1990).
A variety of theories have sought to explain schizophrenia at the psychological level. One being the psychodynamic approach which follows a fixed set of assumptions such as the role of unconscious processes and the psychodynamic conflict in which different parts of the mind are in constant dynamic struggle with each other and the consequences of this struggle are important in understanding behaviour. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of schizophrenia involves two related processes, regression to a pre-ego stage and attempts to establish ego control. Freud believed that schizophrenia is caused when trauma from unresolved conflict between the id, ego, and superego is repressed into the unconscious and this causes regression to an earlier stage of psychosexual development. Fixation and regression means that the ego is not fully developed and so the individual may be dominated by the id or the superego, and because the ego is weak the individual will lack a sound basis in reality.
Cognitive behavior therapy is based on the belief that people are born with the ability to have rational and irrational thinking, and it helps clients to accept themselves and their mistakes. They teach the client that they will continue to make mistakes and is a normal part of life. However, the psychoanalytic theory is inconsistent with these views because it is rooted in the belief that our behavior is determined by unconscious forces. Also, that sexual and death instincts are the sources of our actions and our motivation for pleasure and pain. b.)