Infectious keratitis usually begins by affecting the outer layer of the cornea, but it can go deeper into the cornea, increasing the risk of impaired vision. Non-infectious keratitis is a feature of some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren's syndrome. Trauma to the front of the eye, as may occur with poorly fitting contact lenses, surgery on the cornea (including LASIK surgery), or any other injury to the cornea may lead to keratitis. People who wear contact lenses are at increased risk for infectious keratitis. Lens wear should stop immediately if a person suspects that he or she is developing an eye infection.
Bowel Obstruction A bowel obstruction happens when either your small or large intestine is partly or completely blocked. The blockage prevents food, fluids, and gas from moving through the intestines in the normal way, the blockage may cause severe pain that comes and goes. Bowel obstruction covers a blockage caused by tumors, scar tissue, or twisting or narrowing of the intestines. It does not cover ileus, which most commonly happens after surgery on the belly (abdominal surgery). Tumors, scar tissue (adhesions), or twisting or narrowing of the intestines can cause a bowel obstruction.
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS: Pneumonia: Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. The infection may be caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses. Pneumonia causes inflammation in your lungs air sacs, also referred to as alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. The invading organism causes symptoms, in part, by provoking a large immune response in the lungs.
If there is a large amount of fluid, it may prevent the lung from expanding when you breathe in. This can make it hard to breathe. Other symptoms of pleural effusion include fever, chest pain, and a dry cough. The most common cause of Pleurisy is a viral infection. Another cause of Pleurisy is when air leaks into the pleural cavity from a hole in the lung, which is known as pneumothorax.
In some cases gallstones may be removed to relieve blockage of the pancreatic duct. In the most severe cases, surgery is needed to remove dead or infected pancreatic tissue. Complications from acute pancreatitis include acute kidney failure, ARDS, ascites, Cysts or abscesses in the pancreas, and heart failure. Repeat episodes can lead to chronic pancreatitis. References Bare, B.G., Cheever, K.H., Hinkle, J.L., & Smeltzer, S.C. (2008).
The cyst is ingested through the mouth by contaminated water sources and develops into a trophozoite in the stomach and intestines, where it eats through the mucosal lining and begins to attack the liver, causing amoebic disease. The infected person continues to pass new cysts through their stool throughout the course of infection. Some people can carry the E. histolytica parasite without experiencing any symptoms but continue to pass it on (www.jgid.com). Those who are affected experience severe vomiting and diarrhea that often contains blood, mucous, or even pus depending on the stage of the disease. Other symptoms include stomach pain and tenderness, nausea, anorexia, and occasional fever.
When one of the diverticula become inflamed, this causes diverticulitis. In many people, some complain of nausea, diarrhea or constipation. Some complain of right-sided abdominal pain and some rectal bleeding. The most common symptom is abdominal pain, tenderness around the left side of the lower abdomen. If an infection is the reason for the pain, there would be nausea, fever, vomiting, cramping and constipation.
Behçet’s disease is an inflammatory disorder frequently involving the joints, gastrointestinal tract, and central nervous system. The disease consists of oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions that are recurrent. The region where the disease mostly occurs in is Turkey, however, the disease is the number one cause of death along the “Silk Road”. Environment seems to play a role in the upbringing of the disease, as those who move away from Turkey are less likely to obtain the disease than those who reside in Turkey. However, these individuals that left Turkey still have a higher risk of obtaining the disease than those who are not natively Turkish.
Mechanical obstructions occur as a function of the body itself. Tumors and scar tissue can form from previous surgeries or cancers. Hernias, Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease and severe constipation can cause the intestine to twist and narrow into a complete obstruction. Blockages can also occur when the intestine creates an intussusception; a telescoping formation. Anyone with a disease of the lower digestive tract is susceptible to the possibility of obstruction of the large bowel.
URINARY TRACT INFECTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system — your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract — the bladder and the urethra. CAUSES: Urinary tract infections typically occur when bacteria enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply in the bladder. Although the urinary system is designed to keep out such microscopic invaders, these defenses sometimes fail. When that happens, bacteria may take hold and grow into a full-blown infection in the urinary tract.