Information that is vital to the reader is missing. Furthermore information, such as the Case Study, are included which is not necessary to the findings of the study. Critique of Entire Article: Numbers 1, 6, 8, 9, and 5 Lin et al. (2004) chose a problem that does need more research. Relapsing addicts need a more effective therapy to help overcome addiction problem once and for all.
The authors did determine that the substance abusing individuals did not have a proper way of coping with their anger and determined that this was problematic; hence the need for the Forgiveness Therapy. The authors did determine that the lack of anger management skills and the previous used skills were inadequate and triggered further negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and violence. In the article the authors did move from topic to topic and not just from one citation to another; the authors did rely on sound research in the field but did not overly rely on it to make their point. The authors were able to ascertain that individuals in the past have tried to rely on the techniques they have used in the past to avoid relapse, but these have remained to fail them in the end. Individual substance abuse clients have benefitted from the forgiveness therapy, the research shows.
Also in this study there wasn’t a direct way of measuring immune function and is only an indirect study. Another criticism is that this study doesn’t tell us which stress index element is the most important it merely concludes that both life stress as well as negative emotions can effect the immune system. This however is valid in that it measured health outcomes showing a relationship between life stress and illness. Kiecolt-Glaser et al. investigated the effects of naturalistic stressors on measure of immunity.
This is a very useful report, because if a lead time of 3 days is not met I can identify which department or member of staff was at fault. Time recording – This helps me to monitor how many clubs could be built per person per hour. This system is very good, because if at the end of the day my daily target is not met, looking at this report I can identify what went wrong and which station or member of staff was struggling. This report is filled in by each operator at each station. Part 3 Be able to understand performance support for
The use of questions and discussions is thought to be advantageous within sessions for a variety of reasons, which shall be explored throughout this essay, so too, shall the challenges and limitations that counselling can pose if not used correctly. Fear and sadness are emotions that the human race has experienced for centuries. This can affect individuals from all walks of life including celebrities Robin Williams, Trisha Goddard and Stephen fry. All these individuals have experienced anxiety and depression which has been proven to be linked to fear and sadness. Over the years there have been various approaches to counselling which includes the main areas that I shall be focusing upon in this paper are, existential and mindfulness approaches.
Crisis Intervention Theory Shannon Flynn November 12th, 2012 INTRODUCTION Albert R. Roberts (2005) is the author of the Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment and Research. The following is a review of the textbook, which will highlight the author’s identification of two types of crisis intervention: Developmental Crisis and Situational Crisis. Roberts also lists several techniques of crisis intervention, how using these techniques can assist the person in solving their crisis and the contributions of these techniques to the overall strategies of Crisis Intervention. Roberts defined the two types of crisis situations as: Developmental Crisis - this type of crisis is explained as the most predictable in crisis situations because they can be identified during one of the psycho-social development stages. For example: a boy who is reaching puberty age and his voice is starting to break, hormonal changes are occurring and he is experiencing anger, irritation and situations can become explosive without underlying predictors.
The happiness of others is not a sensible criterion for ethical decision-making. 1. A Review of the Psychological Literature on Well-Being In a remarkable review of thirty years of psychological research, Edward Diener, Eunkook Suh, Richard Lucas, and Heidi Smith, provide important in- sights into the nature of happiness. In the psychological literature, happiness is understood primarily as subjective well-being, characterized as an inner, affective, subjective state, constituted by two major components: Global pos- itive affect or sanguine mood, and, a certain level of contentment with life generally, but also in specific
CRITICAL INCIDENT ANALYSIS “Follow effective action with quiet reflection. From the quiet reflection will come even more effective action.” Peter F. Drucker Dewey (1933) drew on the ideas of earlier educators, such as Aristotle, Plato and Confucius and put forward the concept of reflection as a form of problem solving that chained several ideas together by linking each idea with its predecessor in order to resolve an issue. Schön (1983; 1987) expanded Dewey’s original paradigm and put forward ‘reflection-in-action’ and ‘reflection-on-action’. Going one step further is Critical Reflection — the process of analyzing, reconsidering and questioning experiences within a broad context of issues. Brookfield (1995) stated that four activities are central to critical reflection-Assumption analysis, Contextual awareness, Imaginative speculation and Reflective scepticism.
Natural disasters such as flood, fire, earthquake, tornado and windstorm affect thousands of people every year. You should know what your risks are and prepare to protect yourself, your family and community. Recognizing an impending hazard and knowing what to do to protect yourself and your family will help you take effective steps to prepare beforehand and aid recovery after the event. Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as assembling a supply kit and developing a family emergency plan, are the same for all types of hazards. However each emergency is unique and knowing the actions to take for each threat will impact the specific decisions and preparations you make.
Operant conditioning is a concept developed by behaviorist B.F. Skinner. Skinner did not agree with Pavlov's ideas and thought that his classical conditioning could not give an answer to all behaviors. To Skinner operant conditioning takes place when the behavior has an outcome, and repeated behavior will occur whether the result is negative or positive (Lawson, Graham, Hall, & Baker, Chapter 10, 2007). So in simple words operant or instrumental conditioning for most people is a form of learning, in which the behavior occurs more frequently when followed by reinforcement. However, the behavior that is punish will occurs less frequent.