* There is personal and institutional robbery discussed in this module. Personal robbery is an act against individuals, whereas institutional is committed against businesses such as jewelry stores, banks, etc. The vast majority of robberies are committed by generalists, or criminals that have a long but not focused history with crime. Only a small percentage of burglaries are committed by specialists, or criminals whose main focus
Another example of how statistics from the police and statistics from victim surveys are different is because not all victims report crime to the police for many reasons and therefore create what’s called “the dark figure” (The number of crimes that go un-reported, we have no idea how big or small this number is). One last example of how they differ is that the victims are left to classify the crimes that they have been fallen victim to, which means that the classification may be wrong changing the statistics, whereas the recorded crimes get classified by the police. The advantages for using victim surveys to studying patterns of crime are: able to triangulate the accuracy of official statistics; may be more valid, as official procedures don’t have to be followed and victims have their own say; victims more likely to respond due to no fear of reprisal; can estimate the overall levels of crime, as unreported crimes are included; they have a high rate of comparability. These reasons allow us to see all of the advantages for helping to decide how useful victim surveys are in understanding patterns of crime. The disadvantages for using victim surveys to studying patterns of crime are: Not all
Crime Statistics “Crime statistics is an attempt to provide statistical measures of the crime in societies.” Unfortunately, because some crime is secretive, some unknown because they are never reported, therefore the results become very inaccurate. There are several ways on how these statistics are received, such as, hospital of insurance records, household surveys, and reports for several law enforcement agencies. Many countries gather their statistical crime information and it becomes of interest to international organizations such as, Interpol and the United Nations. Places like the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Home Office in England & Whales, are the agencies that publish these crime statistics and compile the statistics based on the different crimes that have been reported. Statistics are usually collected on based on three categories: Offenses, the breach of law; Offenders, those who commit the offenses; and the victims, the ones who are offended against.
The criminal justice system relies heavily on eyewitness identification for investigating and prosecuting crimes in that, it may be the only evidence present for identifying criminals in certain cases (Wells & Olson, 2002). The strong weight given to eye witness identifications is nonetheless a matter of concern as it eye witness identifications have been demonstrated to be flawed, even when witness confidence is high. Experience has shown that the convincing and sincere witness can often be mistaken. Memon (2008) explains where eye-witness testimonies have been greatly unreliable; where Jean Charles de Menezes was shot by police as a result of mistaken identity. According to eye-witnesses he was described as suspicious, jumped over a ticket barrier and was wearing a wearing a bulky jack supposedly concealing a device.
(4) Staging an accident is Insurance Fraud, a third degree felony punishable by a maximum of seven years imprisonment. (5) And working with others to stage an accident is Conspiracy to Commit Insurance Fraud, an equally serious crime. (6) DiLacqua had turned two traffic offenses into four crimes, two of them felonies. Because the reported accident involved a Police Department vehicle, the dispatcher had to notify the Department's Accident Investigation Division (AID). Two AID investigators soon arrived and DiLacqua told them the story he had prepared, with Brady and the two officers standing by.
The data of this Bulletin is too congested. There are categories with sub-categories, and those sub-categories have sub-categories i.e., percentages of murder victims under the age of 15 and 13 and 5, percentages of victims killed with firearms, percentages of loiterers, runaways, those ignoring curfews. How can a clear understanding of the status of juvenile delinquency of 2008 be easily achieved by “john q public” or, for that matter, law enforcement? In other words, the Bulletin is not reader-friendly. Also, without the inclusion of rehabilitation programs offered in 2008 with their successes and failures, the reader sees only part of the “big picture”.
Embezzlement is one of the most common White Collar Crimes; which is, "to appropriate fraudulently to one's own use, as money or property entrusted to one's care." White-collar crime is not a classic, clear-cut case of deviance. It has one foot in conventionality and one foot in deviance. Most of us hold the conception that "crime" is what street people, or at least poor people, do. However, there is, a difference in seeing an affluent, 60 year-old banker in handcuffs and a prison uniform.
Juvenile Justice Paper 1 10/17/12 Society deems those who commit crimes as undesirable. Whether it’s a white–collar crime such as fraud, or a violent homicide, if convicted, they’ll pay a fine, get treatment, or be removed from the rest of society to pay their debt. Crimes are committed by people of all ages, races, ethnic backgrounds, and religions. Age plays a very crucial role in how the rest of the procedures play out. Sure a middle-aged man convicted of murder will be tried as an adult, but there are those who commit the same crime that are still juveniles.
I will elaborate on how the threat of terrorism impacted Crime and Criminal Laws. Crime is defined as “A Wrong against society or the public interest”. While it is undocumented it is supposed that since the beginning of human society and human interaction there as always been Crime. It is not difficult to reason and imagine a caveman stealing another caveman’s food or water in an effort to survive. So while we defined the term crime how do we identify if an event or action is a Crime.
Role of Victimology Victimology in its most simple form is the study of the victim or victims of a particular offender. It is defined as "the thorough study and analysis of victim characteristics" (Turvey, 1999) and may also be called "victim profiling" (Holmes, 1996). In essence criminal profilers are studying the harm the victim endured during the crime, plus its physical and emotional aspects. Victimologists are people who are in essence investigators, researchers, and observers of the victimized persons and their connection to the crime (Karmen, 2007). Holmes & Holmes (2009, p290) stated “To appraise a crime without some knowledge of the victim is certainly remiss.” The victim constitutes half of the crime therefore victimology should be heavily looked at in order to connect them to the offender (Douglas, Burgess, Burgess, & Ressler, 1992).Victimology is important to an investigation process in that, it is not just learning about the victim’s personal history and personality, but it also why the victim was chosen (Petherick, 2010).