Counterculture Movements in the 1960s

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In this essay I will firstly discuss the process whereby Paco Taibo and his radical comrades found themselves at the head of a major student movement that could challenge the government and police in Mexico City. In the following, I will describe how the movement gradually grew into a powerful organization, supported by many, students and non-students. Secondly I will describe how ideas and strategies from the counterculture movement in the United States played a role in this process. I will argue that countercultural ideas, such as opposing coercive governments, calling out for revolution and democracy, using media to spread information, positioning the universities as the center of action, cooperating to form a stronger front and reaching out to society as a whole, were part of the ’68 Movement. In the beginning of his book ’68, Paco Taibo describes the background of the students that would later play an important role for the ’68 revolutionary movement. These “seven or eight thousand’ students” had, more or less, the same ideas, listened to the same music and admired the same heroes (Taibo, 16). As Taibo describes, these students were influenced by the Cuban revolution and the Vietnamese resistance against American oppression. Che Guevara was their hero, and they would read his works, such as ‘Episodes of the Revolutionary War to Socialism and Man in Cuba’ (Taibo, 16). The students also listened to protests songs and the “music of the anti-Vietnam War generation”(Taibo, 17). They had a strong aversion to conformism and the materialist, unilinear ideas of the society they live in. They were estranged from historical characters that formed the Mexican nation they now lived, such as Hidalgo, Morelos and Guerrero (Taibo, 22). They students formed the left within the “student milieu in the Valley of Mexico” and were made up of followers of many different anti-state

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