it tries to tackle mustabatory thinking (the thinking that you must be good at everything and like by everyone) by trying to make the patient think more rationally about situations. He came up with the ABCDE model which stands for: A the activating event, B which is the irrational belief e.g. I must be liked, C the unproductive consequence, D which stands for disputing the belief in which there are 3 kinds: logical disputing e.g. does this way of thinking make sense?, empirical disputing e.g. where is proof that this belief is accurate?
This statement is not paradoxical because we do not have to sacrifice ourselves to help others. Helping others gives people a sense of humanity and a feeling of hope. 2. According to Russell, what would the traditional moralist say about the belief that” love should be unselfish.” According to Russell, a traditional moralist would agree with this statement. A traditional moralist supports this statement and says that if you love someone what you do should be for their benefit.
By looking at their client as a whole, the counselor will be able to advocate for the most successful therapy for the individual. What is your opinion of the Postmodernism assumption that the “self” and “identity” are socially constructed? I feel that there is some cogency with the notion that self and identity are socially constructed based on the atmosphere the individual may be in. If a person is in a negative and oppressive surrounding all the time, they will have a negative and oppressive outlook on life that will cause all types of issues with their self-image and their self-identity. This can also refer to “nature vs. nurture” because self-identity can be achieved by being nurtured by loved ones and encouraged in everyday life by people that love them.
Carl Rogers died in 1987 but his legacy lives on and is being carried on by other psychologists who shared his views and believe in his method of counselling. This approach of working is best described by Rogers in his own words: ‘it is the client who knows what hurts, what directions to go, what problems are crucial, what experiences have been deeply buried’. (Rogers 1961). Rogers is saying that the client holds the knowledge to heal themselves, the counsellor needs to provide the client with core conditions in order for the client to be able to educate themselves. I am going to explore the core conditions that Carl Rogers uses in his theory of person centred counselling.
Building rapport To be the best you can be you need to discover the magic of rapport. The principles and techniques of rapport hold the key to good communication. It is based on the idea that we like to communicate with people who we perceive to be like us. This is because we will only be influenced by people who we think like us as a person. It works best when feelings are authentic – that is you genuinely care about other people and have their interests at heart.
He believed in universalizability which means what is right or wrong for one person in a situation is right or wrong for everyone. He feels positively towards human nature and believes that everyone is a good person so can empathise with others. Another important utilitarian was Henry Sidgwick. He felt that moral actions are not judged by their consequences but also how they benefit the welfare of people. This just means that the act is correct as long as it brings happiness to the greatest amount of people.
Integrity means being trustworthy, reliable, and decent in our dealings with others. It means being true to ourselves. When we are guided by integrity our actions align with our principles; our thoughts and words are in sync with each other. It becomes the basis for our reputation as well as our self-esteem. Integrity does not mean being perfect, but rather having high moral principles and being trusted in our actions as well as our words.
For many the relationship between client and counsellor is crucial to the success of the therapy and is based on trust and respect. Within counselling there are three main schools of influence namely the psychodynamic school, the humanistic school and the cognitive behaviour school (Nelson-Jones, 2011). The client or person-centred approach belongs to the humanistic school. Developed by Carl Rogers as an alternative to psychoanalyses and behaviourism during the 1950s, (McLeod, 2008, p170) he believed it would “help clients fulfil their unique potential” (Nelson-Jones 2011 p.83). He also attributed a certain mystical dimension to this form of counselling and emphasised the spiritual bond between client and counsellor (Nelson-Jones 2011).
The development of PCA stemmed from Rogers experience of being a client and his experience of working as a counsellor,which gave rise to the views he developed about Behaviourism and psychoanalytic approaches to counselling. Rogers felt that in general terms, that Behaviourism seemed to take the view that human beings are organisms that only react to stimuli, developing habits learned from experience; the individuals are helpless and are not responsible for their own behaviour. These views were strongly challenged by Rogers, however, it was not until 1945 that Rogers counselling theory and practice began to make an impact. In 1951 he wrote the book called
In order to make someone else happy, you must be happy with yourself. Life’s choices, treatment of others should be made with the best of intentions and cause no harm to others. Scalet and Arthur (2014) have suggested the quality of life is determined by activities and that a happy person will never do what is hateful and mean but will live life with dignity and always do what is best. Kant’s theory suggests that actions determine morality and one must not only act in accordance to duty but for the sake of