Coral Reefs Essay

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The Caribbean Coral Reef The world’s ocean is a very complex place, which many different organisms call home. Coral reefs occupy nearly 0.17% of the total surface of Earth (Bertness and Nybakken, 2005). They are one of the most diverse ecosystems found on Earth. Approximately 4-5% of all species are found on coral reefs (Bertness and Nybakken, 2005). A variety of fishes, invertebrate animals, and plants can be found on these underwater wonderlands. Throughout the world, there are many coral reefs that are home to many species. Coral reefs are thought of by many as the rainforest of the sea. Coral reefs are produced from corals when they secrete calcium carbonate. These reefs play a very significant role in the overall health and nutrition of their marine environment as wells as, the entire planet. One of the major regions of coral reef systems is the tropical western Atlantic. This reef system spans from Bermuda in the north to Brazil in the south and includes the whole Caribbean Sea. Corals have been found throughout the entire world’s oceans; however, hermatypic coral, type of reef producing coral, are only found in the tropics (Bertness and Nybakken, 2005). Coral reefs are always found in tropical waters mainly due to their need for sunlight. The reefs require sunlight due to the tiny plant cells called zooxanthellae that are found within. These primitive algal cells are in a symbiotic relationship with the hermatypic coral. The zooxanthellae provide the coral with food, from photosynthesis. In return, the hermatypic coral provides the algal cells with nutrients and refuge. Furthermore, the coral get its nutrition from within, as well as, from feeding on small organisms. Floating food is captured by the polyp’s sticky, stinging tentacles. The most prominent members that make up the coral reefs are the corals. Corals are classified as the

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