Compare and Contrast Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim on human nature Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, founding fathers of the Sociology world, both have contributed in many ways it relates to affording a society the opportunity to resolve some of the many ills/ crisis that societies throughout the world faced during their and even nowdays. Despite their indifferent views, both men were interested with the beginning of modern capitalism. Karl Marx was born in Germany whereas Emile Durkheim was born in France; however, they both studied philosophy. Marx aim was to explain capitalism- private properties, separation of labor, capital and landed property, exchange and competition. He argued that capital society and social order are all link to a capital system to human beings.
It wasn’t until shortly after his death that Karl Marx’s ideology began to significantly influence socialist movements. Although relatively unknown during his lifetime he has become one of the fundamental economic and sociological figures of the modern era. Many of his theories and insights into the way society functions are still relevant in the expanding capitalist society that exists today. Marx was very critical of capitalism and the division in society between the bourgeoisie and proletariat classes, attempting to highlight the injustice and exploitation of the working class by the wealthy upper and middle class. Marx predicted that capitalism within a socioeconomic system would inevitably create internal tensions between social classes leading to its demise and replacement by a new system, communism.
Ignoring the reality of everyday life and how it works can obsure individuals perspective of the world, which has devastating effects, such as not being able to understand what it best for ones self in life. In ‘Paul’s Case’ by Willa Cather, the protagonist, Paul, experiences these devastating effects. In order to escape the misery of his everyday life, Paul ignores reality and devises an affluent life for himself, however it is these illogical measures that ultimately cause him to make irrational and harsh decisions that prevent him from securing self-fulfillment. Paul’s great misunderstanding about the relationship between work and money cause him to carry out decietful actions that lead to his downfall. Paul strongly believes that he belongs in the
Priestley uses a range of language and theatrical devices to criticise the selfishness of people such as the Birling family. To begin with, Birling shows his lack of understanding and disrespect for the working class. This is show. When he says, "If you don't come down sharply on some of these people, they'd soon be asking for the Earth." This shows a lack of compassion by Birling, as he only cares about his wealth and status, and the profits he can gain from his factories.
However, Marxists criticise this and argue that education in capitalist society only transmits the ideology of the ruling class and not the shared values of society. Furthermore, Durkheim argues that modern industry has a complex division of labour where production of a single product involves cooperation from many different specialists. But for this to be successful, each person must have the necessary specialist knowledge and skills to perform their role. So education teaches individuals specialist skills and knowledge that individuals need to play their part in the social division of labour. So the main function of education is to maintain a value consensus in society.
Even worse, despite being strong and skillful at manual labor, Glen, known for his “hot temper, bad memory and general uselessness”, is labeled as a counterproductive factor in the capitalist system. This is evident through his frequent involvement in violence at work and the consequent transient employments. Glen’s failure at the workplace is detrimental to his sense of masculinity. Glen displays the typical proletarian masculinity - muscular, strong and illiterate, commonly repudiated in capitalist patriarchy, in which masculinity is inextricably linked to professionalism and career
Weber believed it was linked to the type of job people could get, Weber thought differently to Marx about this, as marx believed it was due to owning factories or other resources, and weber thought it was due to skills and qualifications. Weber’s idea of class influenced the ideas of other sociologists, such as goldthorpe (1980). Goldthorpe derived a stratification scale which includes the Weberian concept of market position. This was felt by sociologists to be a more accurate technique of studying stratification, as a pose to just studying peoples jobs. Weber was skeptical about the possibility of the working class bonding together for revolutionary purposes, for example becoming class-conscious because of differences in status would always undermine any common cause.
Such violence is really only the cause of Roy’s pain, his emotions controlling his actions conflicts with our prejudice. Frankenstein's Monster's anguish comes from the rejection he feels from society “Am I to be thought the only criminal, when all human kind sinned against me?”. Posing this Rhetorical question highlights the Irony of how the monster while innocent has been judged just as the reader has. Influenced by her father Mary Shelley's story of a monster portrays the idea that to be human goes beyond that of the body. The Monsters vulgarity and the Replicants perfection does not define them their reaction and action and the ability to think morally and ethically makes them human.
The destruction of families is one example of the effect of utopia’s absence of love. I see most of a dystopian society rather than Utopian society in this novel, in a world of bottled-births, not only is there no need of family, but the idea is actually considered obscene. A leader decides all rules which are intended to mold society into a stable community. Huxley’s criticism of this society portrays the impractical application of utopia in actual society. The terms “Mother” and “Father” are extremely offensive and are considered illegal in this society.
After a long conversation with Mustapha Mond, John even forces himself to throw up in order to purge himself of civilization, explaining that “It poisoned me.” John does not see himself as a part of society like Lenina does; in fact, because he has always been treated and considered as an outsider, John is the very embodiment of individualism and natural instinct. John is all the more dangerous because of his refusal to accept the World State’s society and conform to their societal