Consumer Behavior- Communication

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Most marketers agree that communication is the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver via a medium of transmission. In addition to these four basic components – sender, receiver, medium, and message – the fifth essential component of communication is feedback, which alerts the sender as to whether the intended message was, in fact, received. The sender, as the initiator of the communication, can be a formal or an informal source. A formal communication source is likely to represent either a for-profit (commercial) or a not-for-profit organization; an informal source can be a parent or friend who gives product information or advice. Consumers often rely on informal communications sources in making purchase decisions because, unlike formal sources, the sender is perceived as having nothing to gain from the receiver’s subsequent actions. For that reason, marketers must always encourage and even initiate positive word-of-mouth communications about their products and services. The receiver of formal marketing communications is likely to be a targeted prospect or a customer. Intermediary and unintended audiences are wholesalers, distributors, and retailers, who receive trade advertising from marketers designed to persuade them to order and stock merchandise, and relevant professionals (such as architects or physicians), who are sent professional advertising in the hopes that they will specify or prescribe the marketer’s products. Unintended audiences include everyone who is exposed to the message who is not specifically targeted by the sender. Unintended receivers of marketing communications often include publics that are important to the marketer, such as shareholders, creditors, suppliers, employees, bankers, and the local community. It is important to remember that the audience – no matter how larger or how diverse – is composed of

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