Issues 1. Warren Buffet invoked the substance-over-form concept to justify accounting for the GEICO and General Foods transactions as dividends distributions rather than sales of stock. Do you agree with Buffet that the substance of each of the proportionate redemptions was a dividend and not a sale of stock? 2. In deciding how to account for an unusual or unique transaction for financial reporting purposes, should one consider the tax treatment applied to the transaction?
Business owners can choose from one of several business options that the Internal Revenue Service’s offer in regards to tax (nbea.org, 2007). Antitrust law is to encourage corporate competition by restricting anti-competitive behavior. An example is a monopolization and, agreeing with a competitor on product price fixing. The antitrust laws require that each company establish prices and other terms on its own, without agreeing with a competitor. The government can stop businesses from merging or force businesses to divide into different companies to encourage competition (nbea.org,
Introduction Subsidiary Corporations have the opportunity of special tax treatment that if allowed may offer various benefits to the parent corporation or their shareholders. Respecting the subsidiary status of these corporations may hold large tax consequences or benefits. The tax statuses of these subsidiaries do not represent a black and white issue. Taxpayers and the authority of the IRS hold different interests regarding paying taxes. Taxpayers have the incentive to try to pay as little tax as possible in order to maximize their wealth.
Other capital re-organizations alternatives involve significant tax liability and considering the present state with Seagate being a public company, tax liability will result in loss of wealth for the shareholders since it involves corporate taxes as well as personal tax liability. The stock of Seagate Inc., is experiencing an adverse value gap such that the market value of the corporation is significantly lower than the asset value. The management have evaluated different options to re-state the stock price to represent the fair value of the group. These includes divestment, discontinue and other capital restructuring strategies resulting in considering an eventual swap with VERITAS Ltd. stock for Network and Storage Management Group. Seagate management have a fiduciary duty to protect the wealth of shareholders and ensure a fair offer tendering hence they have narrowed down to opt for this two-staged LBO transaction.
What are the key assumptions that especially influence WACC? 5. What are the free cash flows of the packaging machine investment? Should Koh approve the investment? Management Summary Financial Health The financial health or strength of a company is measured by its ability to service its financial obligations senior to the common shareholders.
Since debt and equity levels are closely related there is an analysis called the “DuPont model” that systematically breaks ROE into components so that each can be evaluated. ROE = NI x EBT x EBIT x Sales x Total assets EBT EBIT Sales Total assets Common equity EBT = earnings before taxes. The first ratio measures the proportion of earnings before tax that is kept by the company. EBIT = earnings before interest and taxes. The second ratio measures the effect of interest; it indicates the proportion of earnings before interest and tax that is retained after paying interest.
a) What are the consequences of telling the president of your gross miscalculation? In order to determine the sales and income projection, it is useful to forecast the budget based on prior performance of the company. The business performance of the current year will shows how the company is actually performed and this is a good indication to expect the company will perform better in future. As to obtain an accurate sales projection, we collected all the information from the company because each area of business operation might have a separate budget. For example, Fernetti Conductor has a specific budget for advertising, purchasing, sales production and cash budget.
Employers can choose from a variety of investments such as company stocks, diversity stock market funds, or federal government bond funds. Companies can take a take deduction for their contributions such as in profit sharing plans. Section 401(k) plans has employer tax benefits where employers deduct their contributions to the plan from a taxable
· Liability-A C Corporation has limited liability in that it is seen as a separate entity from the owners, which in turn protects their personal assets from being taken to pay for the company’s debt or liability losses. As with the other business entities, insurance can be purchased to shield the assets from being taken due to a liability loss. · Income taxes-Corporations are taxed twice. They are first taxed on the profits made by the corporation itself then the profits to the shareholders, also known as dividends, are taxed. · Longevity-The dissolution of a C-Corporation can occur because of a shareholder becoming disabled or dying, the failing profits of the company or because they can not agree on the direction or handling of the company.
This generally occurs when a company has incurred more expenses than revenues during the period. The net operating loss for the company can generally be used to recover past tax payments or reduce future tax payments. The reasoning behind this is that because corporations are required to pay taxes when they earn money, they also deserve some form of tax relief when they lose money. Investopedia explains 'Net Operating Loss - NOL' If a company has a net operating loss, it can apply this tax relief in two ways: it can apply the net operating loss to its past tax payments and receive a tax credit; or it could apply the net operating loss to future income tax payments, reducing the need to make payments in future periods. The terms of the tax relief and how it can be applied varies by jurisdiction but usually the NOL can be applied to the past few years (two to three) and much more to the future (seven to 10) years.