Socialists, therefore, endorsed collectivism to strenghten the idea of fraternity - society is desired to work together while being bounded by sympathy and comradership, that are believed to symbolise the the bonds of common humanity. In contrast to liberalism, whereby liberals draw a clear distinction between 'the individual' and 'society', socialists do not recognise the 'individual' as a term separeted from society. This reflects on the idea of collectivism because the ability to pursue goals comes from working together rather than self-reliancy. Collectivists argue that human nature has a social core, regardless of social groups which have been formed. Thus, all 'classes', 'nations' and 'races' are meaningful political entities.
As a result, charity in the western world is not just a moral stuff, but more like a religion one. However, in China, the origin of charity culture is from the Confucius, the humanistic ideology with “Benevolence” as its core, which is a combination of moral and ethic. In China, the charity culture is based on the theory that everyone is born good; compassion, shame, humility, and the ability to distinguish right and wrong are human natures, which are powers to guide people to promote good and restrain evil. Chinese Confucius culture makes charity as a self-driven requirement forced by moral, whether to do good or not is closely related to the individual’s temperaments and moral activities. In Adam Smith's “Theory of Moral Sentiments”, he did not negate the moral level of the economic theory, and opposed that the moral philosophy should not be stripped from economy.
Mill believed it was extremely important that an indivduals free will should not be crushed by society. Mill believed indivduality is what it is to be human and anything that takes away your indivuduality is wrong. Mill state in his book On Liberty “Whatever crushes indivduality is despotism.” Despostism is the idea of dictatorship so Mill is saying that anything that stops our indivduality for example religion is controlling us and not allowing us to be free, which is wrong. Althought we are free we must consider others, this means that we can use our freedom however we must make sure we are not spoiling the freedom of others. This is supported by Paul Kurtz who states humans have the right “to satisfy their tastes” but however they shold not “impose their values on others.” For example you may want to murder someone with your free will however if you go ahead and commit the crime you are negatively effecting others in society and this is wrong.
Furthermore, Taoism is based on a life principle called the art of wu-wei. This principle advised that the best way to conduct oneself in life was through inaction. One does not need to be aggressive to make things happen or to win battles. On the other hand Confucianism is a philosophical, religious, movement with an emphasis on studying and scholarship. It also teaches the Tao of Heaven and provides moral training that is quite religious.
Comp Essay 1 - Buddhism and Daoism Comparative Essay- Buddhism and Daoism Daoism and Buddhism were similar religions during the classical era because of their shared belief in balance as a way to maintain order in the world, and neither was intended for political advancement nor were they the dominant religion because their beliefs and leaders were concerned less with government and more with maintaining oneself in harmony, however they were different in that the ultimate goal of Buddhism is to reach Nirvana, whereas Daoism attempts to find 'the way' to live one's life and find knowledge and harmony in the universe. Daoism and Buddhism both held to the core belief that human life should be composed of balance. The name of Daoism came
Comparing Major Religions -1 Religion (Date of origin) | Dominant Values | Explanation for Evil | Salvation | Afterlife | Buddhism(Sixth Century, B.C.) | Right knowledge, aspiration, speech, behavior, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, contemplation, control of one's mind, kindness | Insatiable desires are the cause of evil and suffering | Nonattachment to the world; Follow the eight-fold path; Self-effort; Salvation is through reincarnation and working with the laws of karma; Mahayana Buddhism has deities which function as saviors. | Nirvana is the highest destiny of the human spirit--a state of indescribable bliss. In Mahayana Buddhism there are afterlife states referred to as heavens and hells. | Christianity(First Century, A.D.) | Love of God and man; Ten commandments; Service, truth, beauty, goodness, justice,
Table of Contents Introduction 2 History of Confucianism 3 Confucian influence on social and political aspects of society 4 Confucian Institutes 6 Lei Feng 7 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction Liang Shuming, 梁漱溟, 1893-1988, a Chinese philosopher, reformist and follower of the Confucius teachings, who believed Confucianism combined with various Western values to be especially significant to the creation of a harmonious society, defined culture as a people’s way of life – spiritual, social, and material, and furthermore meant that the value of a culture lies in its distinctive differences from others. (Sor-Hoon Tan, 2008, pp. 144). China is one of the oldest societies of world history, dating approximately 5.000 years back, and roughly half of this period has mainly been dominated by Confucian influence shaping the before mentioned values. The founder of Confucianism, Confucius, is considered the most influential thinker and moral philosopher of the Chinese civilization, which is also strengthened by the name he was given, Xianshi, 先師, the teacher from the past or the foremost teacher.
The view that religion is a conservative force stems from theories from Functionalists, Marxists and Feminists. Each see religion as keeping society in its current form, despite the theories coming to the same conclusion the reasons differ. For Durkheim religion acts as a vital organ in society and keeps society alive by maintaining social solidarity. Functionalists believe that religion creates a shared value consensus and acts as a social glue helping unite individuals as well as helping them cope with stress. In comparison to this view Marxists see society as promoting the interests of the ruling class and legitimating suffering and therefore preventing social change.
Buddha was just an ordinary human that achieved enlightenment and preached his understandings. Jesus, however, plays a much more important role as a redeemer in Christian theology, who paid His life as ransom for human’s sin. Jesus is the most important and only living proof of God’s unconditional love. In this paper, I offer a detailed comparison of Jesus the Christ and Gautama the Buddha, focusing on the problem of suffering. To be more specific, I compare these two figures from following perspectives: the life experience of both, how do they understand the why there exists suffering and how to get rid of it; what is the final goal of life; what is the historic significance of each; the how they see themselves; as well as how their teachings complement each other.
For this, he uses not an ideal state, neither a Christian state, but a rational state that follows the natural law, a state which tries to make manifest that paganism is no better than Christianity, but that some Christians are worse than pagans. Utopia can be consider as a piece of estimable value for the communist Karl Marx-Engels Institute in the then USSR, as an apology Anabaptist, as a contribution to the pastoral imagery of the colonized, or as the inexplicable sense of a contradictory Inquisitor. Like the communes of Leninist Russia, Utopia maintains collective farms. This is an example of the Utopian division of labor. Everyone learns the rudiments of agriculture, so that he may better serve the common good.