In the study of psychology there are six perspectives which each interpret there own idea of the study of psychology and how behaviour is performed as a result. At the start of psychology it is explained that each perspective’s idea of behaviour is mainly based on a set of beliefs or ideas. The six perspectives are: •Behaviourist •Psychodynamic •Cognitive •Humanistic •Biological •Social learning The Behaviourist Perspective. The first perspective is the behaviourist perspective which looks at the idea of all behaviour being learnt, the perspective says that behaviour could be learnt through two different processes, these processes are operant and classical conditioning. The two main psychologists involved in the behaviourist approach to psychology were, Ivan Pavlov who studied classical conditioning and Frederic Skinner who looked at operant conditioning.
I will also briefly look at both theories in terms of power relations and structure / agency which can have a great influence on individual difference and personality traits. . To conclude, both theories take a different ontological and methodology approach towards individuals, which means that the aims of their research and the knowledge produced by can be quite different. The trait theory it was developed by Eysenck & Rachman, their theory is based in the experimental scientific and psychometric tradition, whereby assessments were used to access personality. This theory on personality was based upon biological explanations whereby he believed that individual’s personality traits were caused by a persons biological and genetic make-up (cited in Butt, 2012).
He also linked some childhood desires with the development of ones personality. The psychoanalytic theory is founded on the basis that there are inner forces that influence ones behavior unconsciously. This theory was developed after a thorough observation of people’s behavior where Sigmund conducted case studies. Feud argued that human mind can be divided three parts; the conscious mind, the preconscious mind and the unconscious mind. According to Asch M (2004), the conscious mind includes the things that we are aware of.
Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality Many researchers believe that many aspects affect an individual’s personality. This paper is will analyze the biological and humanistic approaches to personality. This paper will also use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to discuss at the extent in which growth needs influence personality formation, describe biological factors that influence the formation of personality, examine the relationship of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality and explain the basic aspects of humanistic theory that are incompatible with biological explanations of personality. The concept that individuals inherit their personalities from their parents is the biological approach to personality. Unlike the Big Five, this theory founded by Hans Eysenck establishes three dimensions: extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism.
Many bio psychologists also agree that because the development of the brain is determined (at least partly) by the genes a person inherits, that behaviour may be influenced by genetic factors. Galton The hypothesis originally proposed by Galton and elaborated by Spearman, that there is a functional correspondence between sensory discrimination and general intelligence. This continues to spark debate. The central importance of sensory discrimination to theories of intelligence can be traced to Galton's (1883) hypothesis that individual differences in mental ability are correlated with fine differences in sensory discrimination. Sensory discrimination was introduced to provide a mechanism linking intelligence to heredity.
Foundations of Psychology PSY/ 300 9/15/2014 In today’s society, there are many foundations of psychology. The major schools of psychology are Functionalism, structuralism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, humanistic, and cognitive Psychology. In this paper, I will examine the many different factors that help play crucial roles in the lives of human beings through culture and biology. The first known school of thought in psychology is structuralism. According to our text, psychology sixth addition Titchener (1867-1927) describes structuralism as an attempt to use introspection as a method for uncovering the basin elements of consciousness and the way they combine with each other into ideas (Kawaiski
What is hypnosis? Describe the psychological and physical aspects of hypnosis and discuss the role of relaxation in Hypnotherapy. There are many definitions of the hypnosis. According to some of them hypnosis is the natural state of the body, one of the many levels of the consciousness when person is functioning in the automatic mode (Hadley & Staudacher, 1996; Hadley J. & C., 1996), guided induction of various states of consciousness (Halsband, 2011) or natural psycho physiological reaction caused by the specific psychological interactions between the hypnotiser and person being hypnotised (Gapik, 1984).
Running head: Personality Theories Personality Theories PSY/211 Personality Theories The existence of personality theories correspond to how scholars analyze and assess the development of human identity and behavior. Each viewpoint provides a specific understanding of what cultivates personality and the corresponding factors that influence such behavior. One way to analyze personality is through the lens of psychoanalytic theory. The main argument of this theory is that problems or issues pertaining to psychology can be rooted to one’s unconscious (McLeod, 2007). Specifically, the problems are influenced by latent issues surfacing in the conscious mind.
3, 2009). Psychologists see personality from different angles and perspectives. The basis for this could be that these personality theorists come from different backgrounds (Feist & Feist, 2009). Psychologists base theories on his or her background; they live in different places and study from a different perspective. Feist and Feist, (2009), points out that “there is no single definition that is acceptable to all personality theorists can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior” p.
The untrained individuals would look at psychopathology as being a study of mental disorders on the mere manifestation of different behaviors. However, we in the field of psychology would determine what is by going through the basics. It is commonly referred to as abnormal psychology which is the clear understanding of nature, certain treatments, and the many different causes. There are several ways in fact to where individuals in the field of psychology may use to explain psychology. For example, one psychologist may use descriptive psychopathology to which will strive to provide answers for symptoms or mental illness.