This was also a way for the Mongols to ensure their government was stable and trustable instead of having others govern the state. But along with similar political effects, Mongol rule on China and the Middle East had different political effects. The political effects of Mongol rule in China and the Middle East were different in their administrators used. In China the Mongols brought foreign administrators while in the Middle East they kept the Persians to be administrators. The Mongols had foreign administrators in China because they did not trust any Chinese person to be left in charge therefore foreign people were used.
The effect of Mongol rule on Russia and China was similar in some respects and different in others economically. The Mongols affected both civilizations similarly in that the Mongols demanded tribute from both empires. Although it was similar that Russia and China both had to give tribute to the Mongols, it affected both civilizations differently. For example in Russia, the peasants were taxed very harshly, turning them into serfs. Also in Russia, all of the tax went to Moscow because Moscow was the tax collector because Chinggis Khan did not live directly in Russia, so this helped build Russia’s wealth.
Pax Mongolia and Pax Romana were similar and different in many of their elements. The origins of Pax Romana and Pax Mongolia differed vastly. Pax Romana was brought along by the exclusion of emperors bent on expansion as well as the policies made by Augustus. During this time Rome was a pretty large empire and expansion wasn’t a major point of interest with the Roman ruling class. Also Augustus made policies that helped established a sense of peace within Rome.
There are many events that occurred in 1483 as a result of the weaknesses of Edward IV that led to the usurpation of the crown, such as the overmighty nobility, strong division between the Yorkists, the premature death of the King and the opposition of the Woodvilles. However there were also the personal ambitions of his brother Richard III, who had a strong powerbase in the North, needed to protect himself from the Woodville’s revenge, arranged the arrest and deaths of nobles in his way of the throne and imprisoned his own nephews. One of the biggest weaknesses in Edward’s reign was his nobility, who were hugely overmighty despite the fact that he had distributed less patronage in his second reign than he did in his first. Gloucester and the Woodvilles benefited in particular from his extensive patronage. In July of 1471 Gloucester was granted all of Warwick’s northern lands and to help him conduct the war against the Scots in 1480-82 he was also made Lieutenant General in the north.
As well, following Islam and being Muslim meant that these citizens believed in the supreme and sole God named Allah. However, this empire did not persecute other religious beliefs such as Hinduism, or Christianity as harshly as the Ottoman’s had done yet their strength still rested mainly on necessary military power to keep the empire together. This is because the Mughal’s found it challenging to unify and control the region of India mainly because of how significant the cultural diversity was in India. Under the ruler Akbar, any tax imposed on non-believer religions was abolished and instead the Mughal’s “patronized other beliefs [while] displaying a tolerance that earned it a widespread legitimacy.” (476) From this widespread acceptance the Mughal’s implemented a Divine Faith, which emphasized different virtues towards a longing for God. From these virtues varying from being pious and prudent to liberality, allowed for a “multifaceted spiritual kingdom under one political roof” (476).
However, they each displayed deviating and unique characteristics, especially with their selection of bureaucrats, the building of infrastructure, and the spread of the empire. The nature or rather the culture towards these techniques differed in these two empires. On one hand, both cultures demands respect of the systems from those rules, however, the way this was carried out differed in each empire. The Hans placed a special emphasis on the ideals and principles of Confucianism. The subjects of Han China would have been raised to respect with question their superiors and to know their proper place and role in society.
Conflicting national interest caused relations between the two powers to deteriorate further, as shown in Russia’s decision to double its army along the Russian and Chinese border following the border disputes. Ideological differences however, were still a source of the conflict, as Mao was very critical of Khrushchev and his return to some capitalist ideas. This suggests that it is more likely that the Sino-Soviet split originate from a personal and mutual dislike between the two Communist leaders because of their difference in ideology. Therefore, although the Sino-Soviet split was not solely the result of ideological differences as national interests and the personalities of Mao and Khrushchev were also to blame, ideology was still a
Often resettled them in different locations to provide services c. Uighur Turks served as clerks, secretaries, and administrators d. Arab and Persian Muslims also served Mongols far from their homelands e. Skilled artisans were often sent to Karakorum; became permanent residents D. Decline of the Mongols in Persia and China 1) Collapse of the ilkhanate a. In Persia, excessive spending and overexploitation led to reduced revenues b. Failure of the ilkhan’s paper money c. Factional struggle plagued the Mongol leadership d. The last ruler died without an heir; the ilkhanate collapsed 2) Decline of the Yuan dynasty a. Paper money issued by the Mongol rulers lost value b. Power struggles, assassinations, and civil war weakened Mongols after 1320s 3) Bubonic plague in southwest China in 1330s, spread through Asia and Europe a. Depopulation and labor shortage undermined the Mongol regime b.
The tribes were linked by similar religious beliefs but until the advent of Chingis (Genghis) Khan, the Mongols were not truly united. Each tribe had a leader who “fruitlessly defended their land, due to the large disintegration of the many clans.” (E-Mongol, 1999) The catalyst in their meteoric rise to empire
By 1879 the home rule party was deeply split. It was ‘parnellites’ vs ‘whigs’ In may 1879 Butt died and William Shaw was elected as the new leader. This came as a surprise to Parnell and he now knew he needed even more support and this came in the form of the land. Davitt helped Parnell become the hero of the Irish farmers. Davitt and Parnell worked together to work out a plan of ‘new departure’ however this was rejected by Kickham.