The medical modal of health is the definition put forward by doctors and health care professionals and could be describe as the official definition. In this model, health is viewed as the ‘absence of disease’ and as ‘functional fitness’. Disease and sickness are explained within a biological frame-work that emphasises the physical nature of disease: in other word, the model of health is biologically reductionist. This definition of disease is based upon medical concepts developed over the last few hundred years, presented as the truth about how the body functions correctly, it assumes a state of health unless symptoms emerge that demonstrate a deviance of normality. It is also important to recognise that the concept of health is relative.
The Western scientific approach to medicine bases on these main features, focusing on the abnormalities in the body, biological factors explain the illness, it examines the cause of ill health through observations and tests, trained health professionals are the ones able to identify and treat the illness, emphasising different treatments medications and other interventions. Health care environments are appropriate places to undergo treatments and the model specifically states that illness is regarded as a temporary condition which can be reversed by the intervention of medical expertise. The bio medical model relates to the functionalist approach of health as it specifies that health is the absences of disease and it’s regarded as dysfunctional for the society as individuals cannot make positive contribution to the running of society. The model does not consider the social and environmental factors of ill health but relays on the scientifically methods to address and diagnose the illness if the illness cannot be diagnosed the individual would be labelled as malingering meaning one will be pretending to be ill for
Lewin talks about a number of conditions that humans commonly suffer from. He believes that human beings and their illnesses are the products of a long evolutionary history. Because of this, Lewin considers modern medicine as deterrence to human evolution and scientists and doctors should combine the idea of evolution and medicine to create revolutionary treatments he calls “Darwinian medicine”. It is difficult to determine whether the concept of Darwinian medicine holds any weight in the medical world. Lewin’s theory suggests infection, trauma, and genetic diseases should be left untreated in order to help the human body fight and respond naturally; doctors should only intervene if necessary.
Running head: CRITIQUE OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH REVIEW (SRR) 1 A Systematic Research Review: To what extent do nurses use research in clinical practice? Sindiswa Michel Chamberlain College of Nursing NR505: Advanced Research Methods: Evidence-Based Practice Spring A, 2014 CRITIQUE OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH REVIEW (SRR) 2 The nursing research problem addressed in the Systematic research Review is, To what extent do nurses use research in clinical practice? This systematic research review is relevant to nursing practice in that the nursing profession is now recognizing the importance of research as a need for quality improvement in providing nursing care to our patients. The researchers used a systematic review of RCTs. They chose experimental designs which included Random control Trials, clinical trials, and quasi-experimental studies.
For example, if a person was showing symptoms of a chest infection, the doctor would listen to their chest and send them for an x-ray to find out what has caused the problem rather than questioning their environment and housing conditions. The biomedical model is the dominant way of practising medicine in modern industrial societies such as our own. There are standards concerning the ‘normal’ functioning of the mind and body against which all others can be judged. The doctor then decides what the symptoms that the patient describes signify. On the basis of this a diagnosis is made and interventions decided upon.
The Bio-medical model has several assumptions that are accurate; it defines health as a biological normality it also believes that illnesses and disease are caused by an identifiable factor such as a faulty gene or virus. The model believes that illness is a temporary condition producing a physical symptom and that it should be identified and classified by a medical official not a non-expert. It is common for the experts that follow the bio-medical model to focus solely on diagnosing the symptoms of their patient leaving no room for dispute between the doctor and the patient. Illness and disease has cures and treatments usually from removing the cause, medicine is seen as the way to solve health problems, and the health of society is seen as dependant on the state of medical knowledge and the availability of medical resources. The main strengths of the bio-medical model is that it stresses the importance of trying to find the cause of illness and disease; there is a wealth of evidence that support the bio-medical approach, including successful operations, cancer screenings and immunisation programmes.
The Lees’ culture believe that family knows what is best for their own and that the body, mind, and spirit need to be treated as one while “most Americans...believe in scientific medicine, individual decision through informed consent, the health care provider as the manager of care, and the separation of body, mind, and spirit in treatment programs” (Holli, 2009). There were different ideologies of the how Lia should be treated which led to her health being compromised. The doctors see Lia’s condition solely through a biological perspective, which was why careful prescriptions of medication and other modalities such as blood tests, surgeries, and spinal taps were being introduced. The Lees who are not convinced by the methods the doctors are using believe that a “dab”, an evil spirit, had stolen Lia’s soul. Therefore, rather than relying on medicine, they resort to sacrificing animals, use of special herbs and even attempts to change her name to make sure her soul returns.
1) explain the difference between classification and diagnosis - classification identifies the clinical characteristics and symptoms of mental disorders whilst diagnosis is the clinical judgement based on the identified, observed or reported judgement. 2) what are DSM and ICD - the DSM is the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association, used to identify specific symptoms if mental disorders. The ICD searches for universality, trying to gain agreement on a universal definition for specific disorders/syndromes. 3) what do social scientists mean by the medicalisation of normal behaviour? This refers to the caution that clinicians must make in diagnosing normal behaviour and OCD, as we all have our own compulsions and obsessions.
ANS: C Correct C: Theory-based nursing research provides a foundation for evidence-based nursing care. Nursing research generates a specialized scientific knowledge base that empowers the nursing profession to anticipate and meet constantly shifting challenges of health care delivery to multiple populations. Incorrect A: Research aids in documenting accountability of nurses, but professional guidelines already exist regarding responsibility. Each state has a Nurse Practice Act that defines scope of practice. Incorrect B: Liability is a legal concept.
The article explains what Post-traumatic stress disorder is, the symptoms, risk factors, causes, complications, test and diagnosis, treatments and prevention. Although, this article generally explains the depth of PSTD one might experience or not, but it lacks psychological and scientific support and reasoning in describing its research. The academic sources used earlier in this paper emphasizes on the same topic of Post-traumatic stress disorder but leads the information of the disorder by focusing in strength about the history and natural factors associated towards it. The second non academic source is by; ‘Medicinenet.com’ which also explains the PTSD detailed aspect by showing various factor involved in this disorder just like our first non academic research. Both researches are applicable and strongly convey the background information related to PTSD.