· Which of the major developmental theories are stage theories? Which are not? The stage theories are psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Erikson, and Piaget’s cognitive theory. Developmental theories that are not stage theories are the behaviorism of Pavlov and Skinner and the social learning theory of Bandura, and systems theories · Which theories emphasize individual conscious organization of experience? Unconscious urges?
Personality Danjerell Burks PSY/250 April 3, 2014 Jaime Stone Personality In this paper I will explain the theories of Freud, Alder, and Jung. These three men have studied human personality and have some conclusions in common and others they have their different opinions about personality Sigmund Freud’s work supported the belief that not all mental illnesses have physiological causes and he also offered evidence that cultural differences have an impact on psychology and behavior. Jung believed the human psyche exists in three parts: the ego (the conscious mind), the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Jung believed the collective unconscious was a reservoir of all the experience and knowledge of the human species.
Behaviorism and cognitivism have many different similarities and differences Behaviorism is the idea that psychology is a study of external behavior rather than mental. Whereas, cognitive is based on the thought process behind the behavior. It also looks at how we think, remember and, solve problems. Behaviorist focus on the relationship between a situation but cognitivist looks more at how we process the situation. Behaviorist also focus more on how we act rather than our brain and nervous systems, they don’t take mental processes into consideration.
My interpretation of this definition is that psychology, while unique to each person, is the culmination of all experiences which ultimately identifies a being and can at times predict or evoke certain behaviors. In the clinical sense, psychology can be a useful tool when controlling behavior, gathering data for an identified population or attempting to explain the what and why’s we encounter everyday of our lives. Psychology and Life (19th Edition) goes on to describe the evolution of modern psychology, which can trace its beginnings to ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. Plato and Aristotle had opposing views that weighed heavily on modern psychology. On one hand Plato believed in more of a nativist view, in which assumes that people are preprogrammed for certain behavior due to their lineage from the time they are born (Gerrig, R. J. and Zimbardo, P. G. 6).
The second concept, coming out of C.G. Jung's analytical psychology, describes the process in which the individual Self develops out of an undifferentiated unconscious. It is a developmental, psychical process, the process whereby the innate elements of personality, the different experiences of a person's life and the different aspects and components of the immature psyche become integrated over time into a well-functioning whole. [citation needed] There is a region where the two could be said to blur into each other, but it is important to recognize that they are in fact speaking of two different (though related) things. [citation needed] According to Jungian psychology, individuation is a process of psychological integration, having for its goal the development of the individual personality.
Defining Personality: Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. How exactly do psychologists define personality? What are the different components of personality? You can learn about the answers to these questions and more in this overview of personality.
The definition of personality in which this essay will refer to must first be established. According to Pastorino and Doyle-Portillo (2010), personality is a unique combination of feelings, attitudes, thoughts, impulses, behaviour and habits that characterize how the individual will typically react across a range of situations. Personality is currently widely believed to have some innate qualities and other qualities which are developed through the interaction which the environment (Pastorino, & Doyle-Portillo, 2010). An important area to note is that it is how one will typically react, thus personality will guide our behaviour but it is not fixed. There are various other views of what personality is according to different psychologists, yet this is the definition which has been adopted for this paper.
Journal 1: Personality Theory A personality theory is a theory is an attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique. (p.445) There are many personality theories but for the most part they are grouped into four basic perspectives: The Psychoanalytic Perspective: Freud’s theory of personality, which emphasizes unconscious determinants of behavior, sexual and aggressive instinctual drives, and the enduring effects of early childhood experiences on later personality development. (p.445) Humanistic Perspective: theoretical viewpoint on personality that generally emphasizes the inherent goodness of people, human potential, self-actualization, the self-concept, and healthy personality development. (p.459) Social Cognitive Perspective: Albert Bandura’s theory of personality, which emphasizes the importance of observational learning, conscious cognitive processes, social experiences, self-efficacy beliefs, and reciprocal determinism. (p.463) Trait Personality: trait theories of personality focus on identifying, describing, and measuring individual differences in behavioral predispositions.
Psychology- as explored through the eyes of Carl Jung and Abraham Maslow When Carl Jung says, “Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves”, he very aptly describes the role that Psychology plays in exploring and examining the processes of the human brain and how that impacts our behaviors and personality. Comparing the theories of Jung and Maslow could take hours since each one had enough to say about what their beliefs were about the human condition. But while Carl Jung focused on how the unconscious affected our personality (Introversion and Extraversion), Abraham Maslow focused on the integration of self (Self-Actualization Theory). Jung believed that there were active centers in the unconscious
Personality can mean many things but collectively the definition according to Feist & Feist in 2006, “…a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior” (Feist & Feist, 2006). It is hard to understand personality when no one can even agree about the true definition of personality so that is why we have to study it and assess the information that will help us understand what influences our own traits and characteristics. Quantifiable Human Nature The field of psychology is based on the basic ways in which humans will react through perceptions, position, and the point of views from of a lot of theorists. In the area of psychology according to Feist and Feist in 2009, “there are six dualistic dimensions on human nature and they are determinism versus free choice, pessimism versus optimism, causality versus teleology, conscious versus unconscious determinants of behavior, biological versus social influences, and finally uniqueness versus similarities” (Feist & Feist). First a thing where a human does anything willingly is called free choice.