Comorbidity of Childhood Adhd and Depression in Adolescence or Adulthood

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I. Introduction Are children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) at high risk of developing depression as adolescents or adults? This is a question that is important for many people. The families of children with ADHD should understand this topic, because if they are at high risk, then parents can be alerted to the symptoms of depression. A key part of the prognosis of any disorder or disease is early detection; known risk factors help provide an avenue for early diagnosis and treatment, and therefore an improved prognosis. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a behavioral issue that is well-represented by its name. In the general population, there is a balance between a person’s activity level and his/her ability to concentrate. In a person with ADHD, this relationship is not well-balanced. ADHD is a disorder most common in children, and requires that the symptoms be present by age seven in order to qualify for a diagnosis (Amer. Psychiatric Assoc., DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed., text rev.). Other key features of the disorder are a pattern of inattentiveness and hyperactivity or impulsivity that is pervasive in nature, is more severe than in typical individuals of the same age, and persists in multiple settings (Amer. Psychiatric Assoc., DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed., text rev.). There must be significant impairment of scholastic or social functionality, and the features must not be more easily explained by a different disorder (Amer. Psychiatric Assoc., DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed., text rev.). While depression is a separate disorder from ADHD, there are some possible overlapping characteristics. Two possible symptoms of depression include psychomotor agitation, and impaired ability to concentrate or indecisiveness; these are also possible symptoms of ADHD (Amer. Psychiatric Assoc., DSM-IV-TR, 4th ed., text rev.). Along with these commonalities, other

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