Due to British and French influence in the area, Britain and France assume dual control of Egypt’s finances. Although they manage to control debt levels, this is done at the expense of the Egyptian public and army. This interference led to an anti - European uprising in 1882 led by Arabi Pasha. On the 13th of September 1882 Sir Garnett Wolseley defeated the Egyptian army, however finding that the Egyptian government was in chaos the British armed forces occupied Egypt to restore stability. This gave Britain a lot of influence over this region which was important as the Suez Canal and therefore trade with India was now secure.
The French and Indian War, occurring between the years 1754 and 1763, is one of the most influential wars in all of American history. Effects both during and as a result of the war created and bolstered political, economic, and ideological tensions between Britain and her American colonies. Politically, tensions over land disputes heightened between Indians and Colonists and the borders of the three main powers in the new world changed dramatically . Economically, England experienced large amounts of debt that caused a rise in colonial taxes, and ideologically the relationship between the American colonies and its mother country became more relevant to the direction of the new nation. Territorial borders shown on maps before and after the French and Indian war illustrate the shift in power that the three predominant powers in the Americas undertook .
The Revolutionary War: Why was it fought and was it preventable? Many believe that the trouble started brewing in 1763 at the end of the French Indian War but in all truth the colonist first started feeling discontent with the passing of the Navigation laws in 1650. This law stated that all goods flowing to and from the colonies could only be transported in British vessels. It was aimed to hurt rival Dutch shippers. This law kept money in the empire but hurt the pockets of the wealthy colonists mercantilist that depended on the shipping trade.
On January 14th 1766 George Grenville a member of British parliament stated that the reason Britain is taking goods and imports is due to them being in debt with the Colonies. Great Britain protects and gives aid to the Colonies causing them to be in debt. Grenville believes that the colonists should pay back “a small share to the public expense”. Grenville believes that parliament has the power to impose taxes on the Colonies due to then still being a part of Great Britain. Just as Grenville says that Britain has all the write to tax goods, Dr Samuel Johnson states that the colonies “they are subject to the English government and chargeable by
Wolsey took a firm stand when improving the criminal justice system, examples were made of people from the higher classes of the population, even those given the titles of such as ‘Sir’ and ‘Earl’. Sir Robert Sheffield was an individual who dissatisfied Wolsey as a speaker of parliament in 1512 – Wolsey made an example of him by issuing a fine of £5333 and sending him to the tower. Another individual of distinguished background who was punished was the Earl of Northumberland, he was sent to the fleet prison and then there was also Sir William Bulmer who was prosecuted as an illegal retainer. An additional method Wolsey used to improve the criminal justice system was by accepting feedback from certain members of the public and assize judges, based on the information he gained, he could either summon the offender to the ‘star chamber’ or assign ‘oyer et terminer’ commissioners to the various cases. Though he took various steps to improve the criminal justice system, it cannot be said that this policy was successful, as there is no facts or figures to clarify how much was really achieved with these new methods.
In 1754, a war between Britain and France with their Indian allies broke out in North America that came to be known as The French and Indian War. The war ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris where Britain acquired Spanish Florida and all remaining French North American land (Document A). Throughout the war and for some time after, the actions of the American Colonies’ Mother Country caused many colonists to feel some resentment towards them. The French and Indian War created tension between Great Britain and the American colonies politically through the expansion of borders, economically through extreme taxes, and ideologically through taxation without representation. The expansion of the borders of the English territory through the Treaty of Paris of 1763 created a strain between Political relations with Great Britain.
Because of the large debt left by the French and Indian War and the subsequent Seven Years War, Britain pushed a series of unwelcomed taxes and acts upon the American colonists that stripped them of their civil liberties. Such acts included the Sugar Act and Townshend Act, which taxed common household goods such as sugar, glass, paper, silk, and lead. In response to the British East India Company’s looming bankruptcy, British parliament passed the Tea Act, which allowed the company to bypass colonial merchants. The Quartering Act forced colonists to house British soldiers, and was seen as a reassertion of British authority over the colonies. The Stamp Act, which placed a tax on all printed items, angered colonists the most because it was passed with a blatant intention of raising revenue.
Chapter 4 Summary The War for Independence The Stirrings of Rebellion The heavy costs of the French & Indian War convinced the British government that additional revenues should be raised from the American colonists Parliament, persuaded by Prime Minister Grenville, passed the Stamp Act in 1765, the first tax levied directly on the colonists, on their goods and services (previous taxes had been duties, or tariffs, on imports) Special stamped paper was required for documents and paper items, including pamphlets and newspapers, affecting everyone Many colonists lost respect for British authority and anger rose against the King and Parliament The Sons of Liberty, an organization formed by Samuel Adams and others, harassed British officials and protested against the tax
Americans were fuming when the British allowed the East Indian Tea Company to send the merchandise directly to the colonies. A very important character named Thomas Jefferson was introduced the history of America. He was a man who wrote the Declaration of Independence, signed by all the governors of the colonies. The exact date when America got freedom from the British was on July 4th, 1776. America’s Revolution and France’s Revolution both had many differences, and similarities.
Causes of the American Revolution Economics are the number one concern in America today just as it was in the 1760’s. America was built on economics, mostly by the British because of their help in the French and Indian War. The British helped the colonies fight the French in hopes of winning and controlling North America. They were successful but fell into a huge debt crisis and turned to the colonies for what the Brit’s considered to be pay back, taxes. Before The British could tax the colonists, repayment to the Indians for their help in the French and Indian War was necessary.