The 4 'Ps' of marketing are Product, Place, Price and Promotion. Introduction Cadbury: In 1824, John Cadbury opened a store in Birmingham, England, which sold tea and coffee. In 1831, the brothers started manufacturing cocoa for drinking chocolate. John and his brother went in to partnership in 1847 and renamed the business to Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. In 1879 Cadbury launched a new community called Bourneville which made chocolate candies.
In 1898, Caleb Bradham wisely bought the trade name "Pep Cola" for $100 from a competitor in Newark, New Jersey that had gone broke. His assistant James Henry King, a young African American was the first to taste the new drink. In 1902, Bradham launched the Pepsi-Cola Company in the back room of his pharmacy and on December 24, 1902 the Pepsi-Cola Company was incorporated in the state of North Carolina. The business began to grow, and on June 16, 1903, "Pepsi-Cola" was officially registered with the U.S. Patent Office. At first, he mixed the syrup himself and sold it exclusively through soda fountains.
The First CVS store was founded in Lowell, MA, in 1963 by brothers Stanley and Sidney Goldstein and Scandinavian American Ralph Hoagland. They had 17 stores by 1964, and sold primary health and beauty products, until operating their first store with a pharmacy department in Warwick and Cumberland, RI. before being sold in 1969 to the Melville Corp. For the next 30 years CVS has grown and merged with many different pharmacies and companies, including purchasing 1,268 Eckerd Drug stores and Eckerd Health Services by 2004. During the fall of 2006, Caremark Rx was facing fierce acquisition from Express Scripts an opposing PBM. CVS entered into the sale offering cash/ stock mix, board seats, and a merge with CVS Pharmacare PBM.
BACKGROUND Nordstrom was founded in Seattle, Washington in 1901 as a shoe store. John W. Nordstrom partnered with Carl F. Wallin, who owned a shoe repair shop, and opened Wallin and Nordstrom, a shoe store that prided themselves on customer service and selection. Wallin retired in 1929 and sold his shares to the next generation of Nordstroms. Apparel did not debut in the stores until 1963. Nordstrom, as Nordstrom Best (NOBE) went public on the NASDAQ in 1971.
He had been born in Shepton Mallet in Somerset in 1836, and been apprenticed at 14 to a linen draper in Wells. He came to London in 1856 and worked as a salesman for Peter Robinson, an Oxford Street draper, rising to be his silk buyer. In 1864 he turned down Robinson’s offer of a partnership and rented his own premises on the north side of Oxford Street, on part of the site now occupied by the department store which bears his name. There he sold silk and woolen cloth and haberdashery. His retailing philosophy was to buy good quality merchandise and sell it at a modest “mark up”.
When and by who were they 'invented'? The core values of Naturopathy were in practice around 400BC, where they were taught by Hippocrates at his school of medicine. It wasn't until 1902 however when modern naturopathy was invented. The term 'naturopathy' was used by Dr. Benedict Lust, who founded the American School of Naturopathy (Jarvis, W,T 1997). Iris analysis was practiced by the Chaldeans and Ancient Egyptian around 1000BC, as shown from depictions of the iris on carved stone slabs (Pure Health; School of Natural Medicine, UK 2008).
John Pierpont Morgan was born into a distinguished New England family on April 17, 1837, in Hartford, Connecticut. One of his maternal relatives, James Pierpont (1659-1714), was a founder of Yale University; his paternal grandfather was a founder of the AETNA Insurance Company; and his father, Junius Spencer Morgan (1813-90), ran a successful Hartford dry-goods company before becoming a partner in a London-based merchant BANKING firm. After graduating from high school in Boston in 1854, Pierpont, as he was known, studied in Europe, where he learned French and German,
Some even went as far as physically placing a blow on the head to render unconsciousness (“History of Anesthesia” 2010). Different anesthetic practices were in use in his time when Crawford Long revived the field of surgical anesthesia by using diethyl ether as an anesthetic (“History of Anesthesia” 2010). Crawford William Long was an American surgeon and pharmacist best known for his first use of inhaled diethyl ether as an anesthetic (en.wikiprdia.org). Crawford Long was born in Danielsville, GA, on March 1, 1815 (“BookRags Biography of Crawford Williamson Long”). At the age of fourteen he attended Franklin College in Athens graduating in 1835 with his Masters of Arts degree (“BookRags Biography of Crawford Williamson Long”, Hani
Around the 1830’s Men began wearing hair pieces and hats to conceal baldness. Antiperspirants and deodorants came on the scene in the 1890’s, first with the use of the irritating ingredient aluminum chloride but was then replaced in the 1940’s with aluminum chlorohydrate. Also in the 1800’s, homemade shaving soaps and aftershave were made from cherry laurel water, stemming from the first safety razor patent in 1880 invented by the Kamfe brothers. But it was King Camp Gillette and William Nickerson, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology engineer design the first T-razor with disposable blades. In 1903, Gillette sold only 51 razors and 168 blades, but in 1904, after a marketing campaign he sold 90,000 razors and 123,000 blades.
S. federal government. Its origins go all the way back to the appointment of Lewis Caleb Beck in the Patent Office in 1848 to carry out chemical analyses of agricultural products, a function that the newly created Department of Agriculture inherited in 1862. Although it was not known by its present name until 1930, FDA’s modern regulatory functions began with the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drugs Act, a law a quarter-century in the making that prohibited interstate commerce in adulterated and misbranded food and